Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 4

Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 4 What is the function of the flat bones? Produce red blood cells; protection of internal organs (skull protects the brain). Describe the shape of a long bone and what its design allows. Long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement Name the five basic bone shapes. Long, flat, short, irregular, and sesamoid. What term best describes a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air? Sinus True or false: A sulcus is a raised ridge in bone. False What division of the skeleton lies along the midline? Axial True or false: Fontanelles are present in adults. False What two bones of the cranium lie primarily within the skull? The sphenoid and the ethmoid bones True or false: The frontal bone is a paired bone of the cranium. False Which bone contains the foramen magnum? The occipital bone What is the purpose of the foramen magnum? The spinal cord passes to become the brain stem Sinusitis is an infection of the Sinuses What is the function of the nasal conchae? To swirl the air as it is breathed in through the nasal passages, helping to warm and humidify the air before it enters the lower respiratory system. What are the only unpaired bones of the facial skeleton? The mandible and the vomer What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate? The maxilla TERM Foramen Magnum LOCATION True or false: A typical spine is completely straight when standing vertically. False (note the typical curvatures in a spinal column) True or false: The vertebral body is located anteriorly and can be palpated along the surface of the back. False (located anteriorly, but the spinous processes are the structures that can be palpated along the surface of the back) The vertebrae fit together to protect the ---- located in the vertebral canal. The spinal cord True or False: A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process. False What is the purpose of transverse foramina in cervical spinal vertebrae? Passage of vertebral arteries and veins What region of the spine contains costal facets? Thoracic What is the purpose of costal facets? Articulations with ribs Which region of the spine has the largest vertebral bodies? Lumbar The line along the midline of the sacrum is called the Median sacral crest. True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae. False True or false: Anteriorly, the clavicle connects to the scapula. False True or false: The medial border of the scapula connects directly to the neck of the scapula. False True or false: The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula. True Why is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocation? The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus. The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the rotator cuff muscles and other ligaments The capitulum articulates with a small portion of the: Radius True or false: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow. False What is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly? Ulna What structures connects the ulna and radius along their shafts? Interosseous membrane Name the four bones of the distal row of carpal bones. trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate Do the carpal bones of the hand articulate with the metacarpals or proximal phalanges? The metacarpals The coxal bones are connected posteriorly to the: The sacrum The superior most region on the ilium is called the Iliac crest The ASIS is a bone landmark on what bone? Ilium What are the main differences in the male and female pelvic shapes? Why? The pubic arch is wider in females than in males. The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females. These differences are to accommodate childbearing True or false: The intertrochanteric crest articulates with the acetabulum. False What bone lies anteriorly to the femur? Patella The medial malleolus of the ankle is a part of what bone? Tibia True or false: the medullary cavity is a hollow cavity within bone. True The center length of a long bone is called the Diaphysis This special type of cartilage is found at joint articulations. Articular cartilage Which type of bone is lighter: Spongy or compact? Spongy bone Which type of bone is usually found on the external surface of bone: Spongy or compact? Compact Which type of bone cell is responsible for removing worn bone cells? Osteoclasts True or false: Only children require calcium in their diet to promote the work of building bone. False True or false: Endochondral ossification is the ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage. True True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the formation of flat bones from connective tissue. True This type of fracture occurs when one end of the bone is pushed inside the other. Impacted This type of arthritis causes the synovial membrane to become inflamed. Rheumatoid Arthritis What type of joint is immovable: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial? Fibrous Joints Synovial joints produce what type of fluid? Synovial Fluid The thumb has this type of synovial joint to allow the thumb to cross over the palm. Saddle Joint The clavicle connects posteriorly to the scapula via what ligament? Acromioclavicular Ligament The ----- ligament attaches the femur to the ilium. The iliofemoral ligament The abbreviation PCL stands for Posterior cruciate ligament This ligament connects the anterior vertebral bodies. Anterior longitudinal ligament Why can a herniated disc be painful? Pain results when the damaged disk presses against the spinal cord or the spinal nerves. TERM Mastoid foramen (Left) LOCATION TERM Carotid Canal LOCATION TERM Carotid Canal LOCATION TERM Exernal acoustic meatus LOCATION Capitate Name the bone. (Left Hand