Environment: The Science Behind The Stories Chapter 19 Notes [Distinction]Questions and Answers 2023

What is work? - -Application of force through a distance. -What is energy? - -The ability or capacity to do work. -What is power? - -Rate at which work is done -Define these three types of measurements, BTUs, joules, calorie. - -BTU- amount of heat needed to heat one pound of water by 1 degree F Calorie- Amount of energy necessary to heat one gram of water 1 degree c Joule- amount of work done when a force of 1 newton is exerted over one meter. -What has been a important form of energy for over 10,000 years? - -Muscle power -What is the primary source of power for the world? - -Fossil fuels -How much energy is lost during conversion during conversion, shipping, and/or during use. - -About half. -What is the total amount proven oil reserves in the world? - -At least 4 billion barrels. -What are three ways to recover oil? - -Thermal recovery Chemical Injection Gas injection -How much of the oil reserves in the U.S. have been used? - -40% -What are two examples of "unconventional oil"? - -Oil shale Tar sands -What are tar sands? - -Tar-like substance which contains bitumen which can be heated and melted down into a substance resembling crude oil. Largest reserves in Alberta, Canada. -What is Natural Gas? - -World's third largest commercial fuel and the cleanest fossil fuel source. Most rapidly growing energy source, hard to transport, highly flammable. -What is methane hydrate? - -Small individual molecules of natural gas trapped in frozen water, "unconventional form" of natural gas.