STEP 1 USMLE REVIEW WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
primary adrenocortical deficiency
Addison's disease
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature,
young girls - diagnosis?
Albright's syndrome
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Alport's syndrome
anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis?
Goodpasture's syndrome
anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis?
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis?
- what hypersensitivity type?
SLE - type III hypersensitivity
anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis?
pemphigus vulgaris
antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis?
celiac disease
antihistone antibodies - diagnosis?
drug-induced SLE
anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis?
rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis?
primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis?
vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis?
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis?
Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis?
neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis?
rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis?
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis?
acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
,autosplenectomy - diagnosis?
sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what?
UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis?
lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's
Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy
Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses?
- in each case, what are the proteins?
multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis?
Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect?
defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis?
sarcoidosis
Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis?
histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater"
chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis?
fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis?
osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses?
tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis?
- where are they located?
- why do they occur?
osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis?
rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis?
Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses?
- what causes the brown color?
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
,X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect?
small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation?
- what virus is it associated with?
- appearance on histology?
8:14 translocation
EBV
starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis?
lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic
polyangiitis?
Wegener's - c-ANCA
MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis?
neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis?
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis?
granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis?
Chagas' disease
trypanosome infection - diagnosis?
Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis?
primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause?
Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis
jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis?
- what are they?
bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease?
phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses?
Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur?
central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
"chocolate cysts"
, endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to?
gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate?
facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what?
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis?
Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis?
osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses?
Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what?
hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis?
secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what?
patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease?
debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis?
measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis?
toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what?
herpesvirus
crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis?
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome?
congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling's ulcer
currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis?
Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis?
- what are they?
bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing's ulcer
D-dimers - diagnosis?
DIC
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis?
- where is the defect?
- symptoms?
SOLUTION
often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
primary adrenocortical deficiency
Addison's disease
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature,
young girls - diagnosis?
Albright's syndrome
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Alport's syndrome
anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis?
Goodpasture's syndrome
anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis?
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis?
- what hypersensitivity type?
SLE - type III hypersensitivity
anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis?
pemphigus vulgaris
antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis?
celiac disease
antihistone antibodies - diagnosis?
drug-induced SLE
anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis?
rheumatoid arthritis
antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis?
primary biliary cirrhosis
antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis?
vasculitis
antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis?
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
arachnodactyly - diagnosis?
Marfan's syndrome
Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis?
neurosyphilis
Arnold-Chiari malformation
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies - diagnosis?
rheumatic fever
atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis?
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods - diagnosis?
acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)
,autosplenectomy - diagnosis?
sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign is associated with what?
UMN lesion
"bamboo spine" on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis?
lead poisoning
defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's
Becker's muscular dystrophy
LMN CN VII palsy
Bell's palsy
Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses?
- in each case, what are the proteins?
multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM
IgA nephropathy - diagnosis?
Berger's disease
Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect?
defect in platelet adhesion
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis?
sarcoidosis
Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis?
histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
bloody tap on LP - diagnosis?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
"blue bloater"
chronic bronchitis
blue-domed cysts - diagnosis?
fibrocystic change of the breast
blue sclera - diagnosis?
osteogenesis imperfecta
boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses?
tetralogy of Fallot or RVH
Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis?
- where are they located?
- why do they occur?
osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes
boutonniere deformity - diagnosis?
rheumatoid arthritis
branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis?
Actinomyces israelii
"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses?
- what causes the brown color?
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- color is due to hemorrhage in cysts
,X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Bruton's disease
posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect?
small or medium-artery vasculitis
Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation?
- what virus is it associated with?
- appearance on histology?
8:14 translocation
EBV
starry sky appearance
Burton's lines - diagnosis?
lead poisoning
what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic
polyangiitis?
Wegener's - c-ANCA
MPA - p-ANCA
cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis?
neurofibromatosis
calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis?
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis?
granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis?
Chagas' disease
trypanosome infection - diagnosis?
Chagas' disease
painless chancre - diagnosis?
primary syphilis
painful chancroid - cause?
Haemophilus ducreyi
Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot's triad of cholangitis
jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis?
- what are they?
bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes
what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease?
phagocyte deficiency
cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses?
Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease
what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur?
central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
"chocolate cysts"
, endometriosis
what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to?
gastric carcinoma
Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate?
facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia
DES exposure in utero predisposes to what?
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
clue cells - diagnosis?
Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis?
osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses?
Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis
cold intolerance - sign of what?
hypothyroidism
condylomata lata - diagnosis?
secondary syphilis
continuous machinery murmur - indicates what?
patent ductus arteriosus
what is the defect in Cori's disease?
debranching enzyme deficiency
cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis?
measles
Councilman bodies - diagnosis?
toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what?
herpesvirus
crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis?
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome?
congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling's ulcer
currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis?
Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis?
- what are they?
bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing's ulcer
D-dimers - diagnosis?
DIC
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis?
- where is the defect?
- symptoms?
