Portage A & P 1: Module 6 (Endocrine System)

e system Ans- utilizes hormones typically released directly into the bloodstream to coordinate the various activities of body parts hormone Ans- an organic chemical produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells two types of hormones Ans- peptide and steroid peptide hormone Ans- activate existing enzymes in the cell//act relatively quickly but for a short period of time steroid hormone Ans- synthesize new proteins//act more slowly than peptide hormones but usually have a longer lasting effect on the cell site of steroid hormone production Ans- adrenal cortex, ovaries and testes example of steroid hormone Ans- estrogen and testosterone catecholamines Ans- derived from amino acid tyrosine//production requires only a series of metabolic reactions within the cytoplasm site of peptide synthesis Ans- ribosomes negative feedback Ans- increased level of the hormone acts to shut down the continued release of the hormone//monitored by brain hypothalamus Ans- portion of the brain that regulates the internal environment; it helps to control heart rate, body temperature, H20 balance & the glandular secretions of the pituitary gland posterior pituitary gland Ans- stores hormones made by the hypothalmus anterior pituitary gland Ans- sometimes called the master gland because it controls the secretion of some other endocrine glands by secreting certain hormones ADH Ans- • [pituatary] • antidiuretic hormone • target: kidney • increases H2O conservation ACTH Ans- • [pituatary] • adrenocorticotrophic hormone • target: adrenals • cortisol secretion TSH Ans- • [pituatary] • thyroid stimulating hormone • target: thyroid • thyroid hormone release GH Ans- • [pituatary] • growth hormone • target: bone, soft tissue • growth FSH Ans- • [pituatary] • Follicle stimulating hormone • target: Ovary, testes • follicular growth, estrogen production, sperm production LH Ans- • [pituatary] • luteinizing hormone • target: ovary • corpus luteum development, progesterone release, testosterone secretion prolactin Ans- • [pituatary] • target: mammary gland • breast development oxytocin Ans- • [pituatary] • target: Uterus & Mammary gland • birth, milk letdown pineal gland Ans- produces the hormone called melatonin which controls the wake-sleep cycle melatonin Ans- controls the wake-sleep cycle thyroid/ parathyroid Ans- secretes the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin//4 parathyroid glands produce a parathyroid hormone which controls calcium levels. adrenal glands Ans- secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine under conditions of stress // secrete two major classes of hormones called the glucocorticoids and the mineralocorticoids epinephrine and norepinephrine Ans- controls blood glucose level, metabolic rate, breathing and the heart rate glucocorticoids and the mineralocorticoids Ans- raise the blood glucose level, reduce inflammation, regulate the level of sodium ions and potassium ions in the blood and maintain blood pressure pancreas Ans- produces and secretes digestive juices//produces and secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon directly into the blood T4, T3 Ans- • [thyroid] • thyroxine (4), triiodothyronine (3) • target: all cells • increase metabolic rate, growth, nerve developmen