CLASSIFICATION CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707 – 1778) Carl Woese (1970’s) Based on it, Copeland proposed a four-kingdom system,
Taxonomy | Botany | Medicine moving prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and “blue-green
Why is it essential? Suggested the 6-kingdome organisms
algae,” into the kingdom Monera.
(Kingdom Monera) into 2 kingdoms, the
• it helps scientists to clearly identify species, study and Father of Taxonomy – developed binomial name
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
observe them, and organize concentrated conservation system still in use today
efforts. • it assists as a way of remembering and Originator of modern classification system for TWO KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION THE FOUR KINGDOM SYSTEM
differentiating the types of organisms, making plants and animals
predictions about organisms of the same type, Author of 180 works, including classifications of -given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758
classifying the relationship between different organisms, plants and diseases
and providing precise names for organisms.
“He was a man of great piety and respect for the
Taxonomy and Systematics
Scriptures. One of his main goals in systematizing the
Taxonomy- Science of describing, naming, and tremendous varieties of living creatures was to attempt
classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses to delineate the original Genesis ‘kinds’.”
– Dr. Henry M. Morris
Systematics- Study of biological diversity and the
evolutionary relationships among organisms, both “The flowers’ leaves… serve as bridal beds which the
extinct and modern creator has so gloriously arranged, adorned with such
noble bed curtains, and perfumed with so many soft THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM:
Taxonomic groups are now based on hypotheses
regarding evolutionary relationships derived from scents that the bridegroom with his bride might there
celebrate their nuptials with so much greater -given by Robert H. Whittaker, an American taxonomist,
systematics.
solemnity…” – Carolus Linnaeus He then divided each kingdom into classes and in 1969.
TAXONOMY SYSTEMATICS 1. Monera – are the only kingdom composed of
later grouped the classes into phyla for animals
It refers to the It refers to the study and
Taxonomy is important for several reasons: and divisions for plants. prokaryotic organisms, they have a cell wall, and lack
classification of classification of
both membrane-bound organelles and multicellular
organisms in biology. organisms for the THE THREE KINGDOM SYSTEM
determination of the 1) It allows us to organize huge amounts of knowledge forms.
evolutionary relationship about organisms. -given by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 Example: Bacteria, blue-green bacteria(cyanobacteria)
of organisms. 2) Allows us to make predictions and frame hypotheses 2. Plantae – are immobile, multicellular eukaryotes that
A branch of systematics Studies of relationship of for further research based on knowledge of similar KINGDOM PROTISTA: (unicellular are capable of mobility at some stage during their
organisms organisms. organisms) lives, and that have cells lacking cell walls.
Involved in the Involved in the 3) It places microorganisms in meaningful, useful - It includes unicellular & colonial Example: Ferns, pine trees, roses
classification and naming classification, naming, groups with precise names so that microbiologists can eukaryotes such as bacteria, algae, fungi, 3. Animalia – are multicellular, heterotrophic
of organisms cladistics, and work with them and communicate efficiently. & protozoans. eukaryotes that are capable of mobility at some stage
phylogenetics 4) Identification of microorganisms accurately. KINGDOM PLANTAE: (All plants) during their lives, and that have cells lacking cell
Does not deal with the Deals with the - It includes multicellular photosynthetic walls.
evolutionary history of evolutionary history of plants. Example: Humans, worms, spiders
CLASSIFICATION:
the organisms the organisms
Ernst Haeckel (1866) KINGDOM ANIMALIA: (All Animals) 4. Fungi – are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, usually
Can change with further Does not change with
studies further studies Suggested that the unicellular form with - It includes multicellular animals. multicellular group having multinucleated cells
different reproductive patterns be placed in a enclosed in cells with cell walls. They obtain their
THE FOUR KINGDOM SYSTEM energy by decomposing dead and dying organisms
The 3 primary concerns of taxonomy: separate kingdom (Protista)
- given by Herbert F. Copeland (1902- 1968) in 1938, and absorbing their nutrients from those organisms.
These three areas are interrelated and play a vital role in Herbert Copeland (1938)
moving the two prokaryotic groups, bacteria and “blue- Example: Mushroom, moulds, yeast
keeping a dynamic inventory of the extensive array of
green algae,” into a separate Kingdom Monera. 5. Protista – the most ancient eukaryotic kingdom,
living things. Suggested the 4-kingdom classification
protista include a variety of eukaryotic forms. Perhaps
1. Classification: the arrangement of organisms into (Monera)
The development of optic and electronic microscopy they are the best defined as eukaryotes that are not
groups or taxa based on mutual similarity or showed important differences in cells, mainly according
Robert H. Whittaker (1969) fungi, animals, or plants.
evolutionary relatedness.
to the presence or absence of distinct nucleus, leading Example: Paramecium, amoeba, some algae, slime
2. Nomenclature: the branch of taxonomy concerned Suggeseted the 5-kingdom classification Édouard Chatton to distinguish organisms in moulds
with the assignment of names to taxonomic groups in (Fungi) prokaryotes (without a distinct nucleus) and eukaryotes
agreement with published rules. (with a distinct nucleus) in a paper from 1925.
3. Identification: the practical side of taxonomy, the
process of determining that a particular isolate belongs
to a recognized taxon
Taxonomy | Botany | Medicine moving prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and “blue-green
Why is it essential? Suggested the 6-kingdome organisms
algae,” into the kingdom Monera.
(Kingdom Monera) into 2 kingdoms, the
• it helps scientists to clearly identify species, study and Father of Taxonomy – developed binomial name
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
observe them, and organize concentrated conservation system still in use today
efforts. • it assists as a way of remembering and Originator of modern classification system for TWO KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION THE FOUR KINGDOM SYSTEM
differentiating the types of organisms, making plants and animals
predictions about organisms of the same type, Author of 180 works, including classifications of -given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758
classifying the relationship between different organisms, plants and diseases
and providing precise names for organisms.
“He was a man of great piety and respect for the
Taxonomy and Systematics
Scriptures. One of his main goals in systematizing the
Taxonomy- Science of describing, naming, and tremendous varieties of living creatures was to attempt
classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses to delineate the original Genesis ‘kinds’.”
– Dr. Henry M. Morris
Systematics- Study of biological diversity and the
evolutionary relationships among organisms, both “The flowers’ leaves… serve as bridal beds which the
extinct and modern creator has so gloriously arranged, adorned with such
noble bed curtains, and perfumed with so many soft THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM:
Taxonomic groups are now based on hypotheses
regarding evolutionary relationships derived from scents that the bridegroom with his bride might there
celebrate their nuptials with so much greater -given by Robert H. Whittaker, an American taxonomist,
systematics.
solemnity…” – Carolus Linnaeus He then divided each kingdom into classes and in 1969.
TAXONOMY SYSTEMATICS 1. Monera – are the only kingdom composed of
later grouped the classes into phyla for animals
It refers to the It refers to the study and
Taxonomy is important for several reasons: and divisions for plants. prokaryotic organisms, they have a cell wall, and lack
classification of classification of
both membrane-bound organelles and multicellular
organisms in biology. organisms for the THE THREE KINGDOM SYSTEM
determination of the 1) It allows us to organize huge amounts of knowledge forms.
evolutionary relationship about organisms. -given by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 Example: Bacteria, blue-green bacteria(cyanobacteria)
of organisms. 2) Allows us to make predictions and frame hypotheses 2. Plantae – are immobile, multicellular eukaryotes that
A branch of systematics Studies of relationship of for further research based on knowledge of similar KINGDOM PROTISTA: (unicellular are capable of mobility at some stage during their
organisms organisms. organisms) lives, and that have cells lacking cell walls.
Involved in the Involved in the 3) It places microorganisms in meaningful, useful - It includes unicellular & colonial Example: Ferns, pine trees, roses
classification and naming classification, naming, groups with precise names so that microbiologists can eukaryotes such as bacteria, algae, fungi, 3. Animalia – are multicellular, heterotrophic
of organisms cladistics, and work with them and communicate efficiently. & protozoans. eukaryotes that are capable of mobility at some stage
phylogenetics 4) Identification of microorganisms accurately. KINGDOM PLANTAE: (All plants) during their lives, and that have cells lacking cell
Does not deal with the Deals with the - It includes multicellular photosynthetic walls.
evolutionary history of evolutionary history of plants. Example: Humans, worms, spiders
CLASSIFICATION:
the organisms the organisms
Ernst Haeckel (1866) KINGDOM ANIMALIA: (All Animals) 4. Fungi – are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, usually
Can change with further Does not change with
studies further studies Suggested that the unicellular form with - It includes multicellular animals. multicellular group having multinucleated cells
different reproductive patterns be placed in a enclosed in cells with cell walls. They obtain their
THE FOUR KINGDOM SYSTEM energy by decomposing dead and dying organisms
The 3 primary concerns of taxonomy: separate kingdom (Protista)
- given by Herbert F. Copeland (1902- 1968) in 1938, and absorbing their nutrients from those organisms.
These three areas are interrelated and play a vital role in Herbert Copeland (1938)
moving the two prokaryotic groups, bacteria and “blue- Example: Mushroom, moulds, yeast
keeping a dynamic inventory of the extensive array of
green algae,” into a separate Kingdom Monera. 5. Protista – the most ancient eukaryotic kingdom,
living things. Suggested the 4-kingdom classification
protista include a variety of eukaryotic forms. Perhaps
1. Classification: the arrangement of organisms into (Monera)
The development of optic and electronic microscopy they are the best defined as eukaryotes that are not
groups or taxa based on mutual similarity or showed important differences in cells, mainly according
Robert H. Whittaker (1969) fungi, animals, or plants.
evolutionary relatedness.
to the presence or absence of distinct nucleus, leading Example: Paramecium, amoeba, some algae, slime
2. Nomenclature: the branch of taxonomy concerned Suggeseted the 5-kingdom classification Édouard Chatton to distinguish organisms in moulds
with the assignment of names to taxonomic groups in (Fungi) prokaryotes (without a distinct nucleus) and eukaryotes
agreement with published rules. (with a distinct nucleus) in a paper from 1925.
3. Identification: the practical side of taxonomy, the
process of determining that a particular isolate belongs
to a recognized taxon
