Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam

Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam Brachialis (Insertion) Tuberosity of ulna Name the three types of muscle tissue found in the body: Cardiac, skeletal and smooth What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control? A person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action. What is included in the central nervous system? Brain and spinal cord Describe a motor action vs. sensory input in terms of the nervous system. Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input. True or false: The brachial plexus supplies nerves to the lower extremities. False Describe the difference between tendons and ligaments. Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet. Describe the origin and insertion of attachment to bones. The origin is the bony site of attachment which is stationary during the movement. The insertion of a muscle is the bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction. Describe muscle action and innervation. The action of the muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction. The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain. Orbicularis oculi (Action) eye closure Orbicularis oculi (Innervation) facial nerve (CN VII) Buccinator (Action) compresses cheek Buccinator (innervation) facial nerve (CN VII) Temporalis (Action) Elevates mandible, closes jaw Temporalis (Innervation) Trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch) Sternocleidomastoid (Origin) Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium Sternocleidomastoid (Insertion) Mastoid region of skull Sternocleidomastoid (Action) Bilateral: Neck flexion Unilateral: Turns face to opposite side Sternocleidomastoid (Innervation) Accessory nerve (CN XI) Longissimus thoracis (Origin) Transverse process of inferior thoracic, superior lumbar vertebrae Longissimus thoracis (Insertion) Transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae Longissimus thoracis (Action) Bilateral extend head Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side Longissimus thoracis (Innervation) thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves Spinalis (Action) extensor of the vertebral column Rectus abdominis (Origin) Pubic Crest, pubic symphysis Rectus abdominis (Insertion) Pubis, cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process Rectus abdominis (Action) Flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera Rectus abdominis (Innervation) Spinal nerves (T 7-T 12) Transverse abdominis (Origin) Lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest Transverse abdominis (Insertion) Linea alba, pubis Transverse abdominis (Action) Compression of abdomen Transverse abdominis (Innervation) First lumbar nerve (T 7- L1), iliohypogastric (T12-L1), ilioinguinal (T12-L1) Diaphragm (Origin) Cartilage of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae Diaphragm (Insertion) Anterior longitudinal ligament (vertebral column) Diaphragm (Action) Expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity Diaphragm (Innervation) Phrenic nerve (C3-5) TERM Frontalis DEFINITION raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead LOCATION TERM temporalis muscle (L) DEFINITION Muscle of the side of the head that moves the mandible upward and backward. LOCATION TERM Orbicularis Oculi (R) DEFINITION Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting LOCATION TERM Zygomaticus Major DEFINITION smiling LOCATION TERM Zygomaticus Minor DEFINITION elevates upper lip LOCATION TERM Buccinator (deep) DEFINITION Used to suck in your cheeks LOCATION TERM Masseter DEFINITION closes jaw LOCATION TERM Depressor Labii Inferioris DEFINITION draws lower lip inferiorly LOCATION TERM Orbicularis Oris DEFINITION closes lips, kissing muscle LOCATION Your patient has damage to bilateral facial nerves (CN VII). Name at least three muscles that would be impaired. Could include any three: Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris, Zygomaticus major/minor, Risorius, Frontalis, Buccinator A: Trapezius C: Serratus Posterior D: Rhomboids, Minor Label the following muscles (posterior view): Your patient is having difficulty with scapular retraction. Name two muscles that are most likely involved in this limitation. Trapezius, rhomboids (minor/major) Your patient injured her ankle while playing soccer. She sustained injuries to the tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. What actions would be impaired due to his injury? Plantarflexion and eversion of foot Trapezius (Origin) Occipital bone, spinous process of T1-12, Trapezius (Insertion) Lateral clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine of scapula Trapezius (Action) Rotation, retraction, elevation, depression of scapula; extends neck; stabilizes shoulder Trapezius (Innervation) Accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve 11) Pectoralis minor (Origin) Ribs 3-5 Pectoralis minor (Insertion) Coracoid process of scapula Pectoralis minor (Action) Elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially Pectoralis minor (Innervation) Medial pectoral nerve Pectoralis major (Origin) Ribs 2-6, body of sternum Pectoralis major (Insertion) Greater tubercle of humerus Pectoralis major (Action) Flexion, adduction and medial rotation at shoulder Pectoralis major (Innervation) Pectoral Nerves Supraspinatus (Origin) Supraspinatus fossa of scapula Supraspinatus (Insertion) Greater tubercle of humerus Supraspinatus (Action) Abduction at the shoulder -Suprascapular nerve Supraspinatus (Innervation) Part of rotator cuff Teres Major (Origin) Inferior angle of scapula Teres Major (Insertion) Intertubercular groove of humerus Teres Major (Action) Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder - Lower sub