Michigan Commercial Applicator Core Right-of-Way Exam Questions and Answers 2023

Right-of-Ways - Answer- highways and roads, utility stations and sub-stations, pipelines and stations, public drainage ways, railroads, airports, recreational paths Right-of Way "crop" - Answer- the service the Right-of-Way provides Components of Right-of-Way IPM - Answer- pest identification, monitoring, determination of site requirements, development and implementation of control strategies, and evaluating control strategies for effectiveness Pest Identification - Answer- determine life cycles, physiology, reproductive potential, and past control results Monitoring - Answer- determine size, life cycle, and resulting damage Site Specific Requirements - Answer- consider the special nature of each area as you develop pest management strategies. ex: urban, rural, dry or wetland, wildlife habitat Develop Control Strategies - Answer- that will provide effective, practical, economical and environmentally-sound control Records of Controls - Answer- measure and starting date, rate of pesticide applied, equipment and crew, environmental conditions, effectiveness, and problems Controls - Answer- biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical Allelopathy - Answer- type of biological control that a plant produces a chemical the inhibit the growth of nearby plants Cultural Control - Answer- creates optimal growing conditions for the plants you want to grow and unfavorable for pests. ex: time of planting, nurse crops, shading aquatic weeds, Mechanical Control - Answer- are by machine or manual Chemical Control - Answer- Pesticides Seedlings - Answer- small, vulnerable plantlets Vegetative - Answer- rapid growth producing stems, roots, and foliage. Water uptake is rapid and thorough Seed Production - Answer- energy directed toward production of seed with water intake slow and directed to flower, fruit, and seed Maturity - Answer- little or no energy production or movement of water Bushes - Answer- woody plants with several stems under 10'. May spread by seed or sprouting roots Trees - Answer- woody plants with usually one stem and over 10'. May spread by seed or sprouting roots Ferns - Answer- do not produce seeds but reproduce by spores and creeping rhizomes Parasitic Seed Plants - Answer- live on and get their food from the host plant and can severely stunt or kill host Emergent - Answer- plants extend above the surface of water and have thick outer layer on thier leaves and stems. ex: cattails Floating - Answer- all or part of the plant floats on the water surface and have thick outer layer on thier leaves and stems. ex: water-lilies Submergent - Answer- all of plant grows beneath the water surface and have very thin outer layer on their leaves and stems Algae - Answer- plants without true stems, leaves, or vascular systems. Categories as plankton, filamentous, and macroscopic fresh-water Ash Tree - Answer- rapid growing 50-75' tall, fruits in Aug-Sep, drooping clusters of single-winged seeds Black Locust Tree - Answer- rapid growing 30-60' and short-lived, fruits in late autumn, smooth flat seed pods Boxelder (Ash-leaf Maple) tree - Answer- rapid growing 30-50' forks close to the ground, wide-spreading crown, frits in early summer, narrow flat-winged seeds Red Maple - Answer- 40-75' prefers swamp and stream banks, fruits in may-june Sassafras Tree - Answer- 20-40' contorted/horizontal branches, well drained soil, fruits in sep-oct Wild Black cherry Tree - Answer- 40-60' rich moist soil, fruits in Aug-Sept Black Willow - Answer- 30-60' short trunk with spreading branches on stream banks and lake shores, fruits in june American Elm - Answer- 40-100' umbrella-shaped tree and prefers moist bottom lands, fruits in may Trembling Aspen - Answer- 30-50' with loose, rounded crown, sandy soils, fruits may-june Cattail - Answer- perenial Chicory - Answer- perennial taproot Goldenrod - Answer- perennial Wild Carrot - Answer- Biennial Canada Thistle - Answer- Perennial with roots several feet deep and horizontal rhizomes Milk Thistle - Answer- Biennial Purple Loosestrife - Answer- perennial swampy meadows Phragmites - Answer- perennial swamps and wetlands monocot - Answer- a monocotyledonous plant; a plant that produces seeds that have only one cotyledon dicot - Answer- flowering plant with two cotyledons Foliage-absorbed - Answer- herbicides enter through the leaves postemergence Root-absorbed - Answer- herbicides enter through the roots and generally effective as a preemergence Contact - Answer- herbicides that kills the green portion of the plant and is nonselective Translocated - Answer- systemic herbicides move throughout the plant whether foliar- or root-absorbed Persistent - Answer- remain active in the environment for an extended period of time Nonpersistent - Answer- short-lived that is greatly influenced by temp., sunlight, moisture, soil type and rate of application Selective - Answer- kills specific weed pests and does not kill surrounding vegetation Nonselective - Answer- remove most or all vegetation influenced by the application method or rate and the timing of application Growing Points - Answer- sheathed or located below the soil surface, they will not be reached by contact herbicide spray Leaf Shape - Answer- herbicides tend to bounce or runoff narrow, upright leaves. Broad, hold herbicides longer Wax and Cuticle - Answer- foliar sprays may be prevented from entering the leaf Leaf hairs - Answer- dense leaf hairs suspend herbicides away from leaf surface. Thin leaf hairs hold the herbicides on the leaf surface Deactivation - Answer- certain plants can deactivate or are less susceptible to injury from chemicals Relative humidity - Answer- foliar-applied herbicide enters easily and rapidly at higher humidity Light - Answer- breaks down some herbicides if they remain on the soil or plant surface for a long time Precipitation - Answer- too much soil moisture can keep the herbicide from contacting and being absorbed by soil particles or run-off. Light rain can be beneficial for root-absorbed herbicides Wind - Answer- sprays can be carried away from target or if hot can make the herbicide dry before absorbed. Light wind helps with fine mist droplets remain suspended in the air Temperatures - Answer- increased temperature increased herbicide volatility. Best to apply in early morning or evening due to the difference in soil and air temp. 2-5 degree cooler difference from ground air to air above can result in small droplet cloud Selective Herbicide Application - Answer- foliage spray, basal spray, granular or pellet, spotgun or exact dosage, cut surface herbicide Foliage Spray Application - Answer- low volume ground foliar, high volume ground foliar, and aerial. Can be applied from late spring to first fall frost. Low Volume Ground Foliar - Answer- may be applied with backpack sprayers-boom sprayers-boomless sprayers. Speedy and uniform treatment, but drift is a problem High Volume Ground Foliage Treatment - Answer- major method used for utility right-of-ways, high-pressure sprayer on vehicle at a specific concentration applied in H-pattern Aerial Application - Answer- most often conducted by helicopter using microfoil boom types sprayer in remote areas or those inaccessible to ground equipment Basal Spray Method - Answer- applying herbicides to the lower portion of the plant at any point in the year except when snow or ice cover the groundline. Conventional Basal Spraying - Answer- thoroughly wets the entire lower portion of individual stems using a sufficient amount to cause "run down" to the root crown. No.2 fuel oil is used as a carrier Low Volume Basal Spraying - Answer- more concentrated mixture is used to conserve the amount of carrier applied. Stems 12-24" from the groundline are completely encircled and sprayed until wet but not "run down" Granular and Pellet Application - Answer- applied directly by hand or hand operated equipment to treat small areas or with small target vegetation Exact Dosage "Spotgun" Application - Answer- type of hand-held or backpack sprayer that deliver a pre-measured dose of concentrated herbicide to the base of target. Kill through root uptake Cut Surface Herbicide Treatment - Answer- are commonly called cut stump, frilling, hack, and squirt that involve cutting through the bark to aid the uptake of an amine salt herbicide. Used on stumps and hardwood trees Gibberellin Inhibitors - Answer- block cell elongation are injected into tree xylem, to the soil, or injected into the soil root zone where it reduces branch growth and leaf size. Will last for several years Auxin - Answer- accelerate cell growth and reproduction Turf Regulation - Answer- growth regulators are applied to suppress seed production and regulate level of growth applied is april/may Honeydew - Answer- secreted by aphids that cause leaves to develop a sooty mold `Metamorphosis - Answer- changed through which insect passes in its growth from egg to adult Centrifugal Sprayer Pumps - Answer- use an impeller to give high volumes at low pressure, although two-stage pumps can excess 200psi Gear pumps - Answer- simple, low-priced positive discharge pumps that are used in sprayers up to 100pounds of pressure, self priming Roller Pumps - Answer- used for low pressure and boom sprayers, are positive displacement, self-priming with a slightly higher power requirement Diaphragm Pump - Answer- produce volume up to 60gallons per min and 850pounds per square inch Piston Pumps - Answer- commonly used is sprayer pumps are heavily built and deliver moderate to high volume Rectangle Areas - Answer- length x width = Area Triangular Areas - Answer- base x height / 2=Area Circular Area - Answer- 3.14r2