AP Psychology 2023 with verified questions and answers

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a. an inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests. b. a mental ability to learn from experience. c. a general trait that underlies success on nearly any task. d. a multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits. e. the unconscious processing that occurs as the first step in problem solving. b. a mental ability to learn from experience. Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others. a. neural plasticity b. reliability coefficients c. intelligence tests d. the g factor e. achievement tests c. intelligence tests Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to a. derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age. b. evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior. c. extract test norms from a standardization sample. d. identify clusters of closely related test items. e. provide a quantitative estimate of heritability d. identify clusters of closely related test items. Factor analysis has been used to assess whether a. intelligence is determined primarily by heredity or by experience. b. intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities. c. intelligence scores remain stable over the life span. d. differences in intellectual ability exist between groups of individuals. e. differences between academic achievement and intellectual ability are significant. b. intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities. Spearman's g factor refers to a. the internal consistency of an intelligence test. b. the genetic contribution to intelligence. c. a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks. d. a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded person. e. the ability to understand and regulate emotions. c. a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of a. predictive validity. b. factor analysis. c. heritability. d. the g factor. e. reliability. d. the g factor. Those who emphasize the importance of the g factor would be most likely to encourage a. discontinuing special programs for intellectually advantaged children. b. deriving adult intelligence test scores from the ratio of mental age to chronological age. c. using a small standardization sample in the process of intelligence test construction. d. quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score. e. studying autistic savants in order to research alternative forms of intelligence. d. quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score. L. L. Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities, including word fluency, memory, and inductive reasoning. He claimed that word fluency a. underlies all of our intelligent behaviors. b. is the most difficult mental ability to assess reliably. c. involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning. d. is not actually a form of intelligence. e. is negatively correlated with g. c. involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning. The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support a. Spearman's belief in intelligence as one general ability, or g factor. b. Thurstone's notion of social intelligence. c. Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences. d. Stern's original IQ formula. e. Binet's intelligence quotient formula. c. Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences. The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is a. a diverse set of distinct abilities. b. largely unpredictable and unmeasurable. c. a culturally constructed concept. d. dependent upon the speed of cognitive processing. e. accurately measured by the general intelligence factor g. a. a diverse set of distinct abilities. Psychological tests show that 18-year-old Isaiah has an intelligence score of 65. Nevertheless, Isaiah can, with a few seconds of mental calculation, accurately tell the day of the week on which Christmas falls for any year in this century. It would be fair to conclude that a. the intelligence test Isaiah was given has no validity. b. intelligence tests are generally good measures of verbal but not of mathematical intelligence. c. Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome. d. Isaiah excels in inductive reasoning. e. the intelligence test Isaiah was given has no reliability. c. Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome. Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences. a. three b. five c. eight d. twelve e. fifteen c. eight Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents? a. Howard Gardner b. Lewis Terman c. Charles Spearman d. Alfred Binet e. B. F. Skinner a. Howard Gardner Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence. a. intrapersonal b. creative c. spatial d. musical e. physical b. creative Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence? a. Trudy, a high school student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course b. Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff c. Wilma, a schoolteacher who refuses to pay taxes because they are used to develop new weapons d. Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time e. Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error e. Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error The Sternberg-Wagner test measures writing skills, skill in motivating others, and ability to effectively delegate tasks. This test measures which of the intelligences described by Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? a. emotional intelligence b. creative intelligence c. analytical intelligence d. intrapersonal intelligence e. practical intelligence e. practical intelligence When Mrs. McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Mrs. McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates a. analytical intelligence. b. reliability. c. emotional intelligence. d. factor analysis. e. validity. c. emotional intelligence. One component of emotional intelligence involves a. the ability to completely forget emotionally traumatic experiences. b. a lack of concern about receiving social approval. c. predicting accurately when feelings are about to change. d. selectively focusing attention on positive thoughts and feelings. e. repressing unwanted, hostile emotions. c. predicting accurately when feelings are about to change. The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for a. lacking definitional clarity. b. being indistinguishable from analytical intelligence. c. being difficult to measure reliably. d. extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills. e. sacrificing content validity for predictive validity. d. extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills. The ability to deal effectively with social conflict is not likely to be reflected in one's performance on the WAIS. This best illustrates that intelligence is a. impossible to measure with any reliability. b. unrelated to the speed of cognitive processing. c. a collection of distinctly different abilities. d. a joint function of nature and nurture. e. affected by stereotype threat. c. a collection of distinctly different abilities. MRI scans reveal correlations of about ________ between people's brain size (adjusted for body size) and their intelligence scores. a. -.05 b. +.15 c. +.33 d. +.67 e. -.45 c. +.33 The lower region of the ________ lobe is a center for processing mathematical and spatial information. a. frontal b. parietal c. occipital d. temporal e. ventral b. parietal Research on intelligence and brain anatomy indicates that highly intelligent children have ______ than their less intelligent counterparts. a. smaller synaptic gaps b. longer axons c. greater neural plasticity d. higher dopamine levels e. faster neurotransmitters c. greater neural plasticity High intelligence scores have been linked with high concentrations of gray matter in certain regions of the frontal lobe. The gray matter refers to the ________ of neurons. a. cell bodies b. axons c. dendrites d. synaptic junctions e. receptor sites a. cell bodies Brain size (adjusted for body size) is ________ correlated with intelligence. The speed of taking in perceptual information is ________ correlated with intelligence. a. not; negatively b. negatively; positively c. positively; positively d. negatively; not e. negatively; negatively c. positively; positively Precocious 12- to 14-year-old college students with unusually high levels of verbal intelligence are most likely to a. retrieve information from memory at an unusually rapid speed. b. perform at only an average level on tests of mathematical aptitude. c. experience less loneliness and achieve happier marriages than the average college student. d. demonstrate unusually high levels of the practical managerial intelligence common to successful business executives. e. exhibit high levels of both creative and analytical intelligence. a. retrieve information from memory at an unusually rapid speed. The speed with which people retrieve information from memory has been found to be a predictor of their ________ intelligence. a. verbal b. practical c. emotional d. spatial e. creative a. verbal The nineteenth-century English scientist Sir Francis Galton believed that a. mental abilities cannot be measured. b. superior intelligence is biologically inherited. c. academic aptitude is detectable through factor analysis. d. intelligence test performance depends on motivation rather than ability. e. emotional intelligence correlated with intrapersonal intelligence. b. superior intelligence is biologically inherited. In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that a. the test would measure capacities that were determined by heredity and thus unalterable. b. the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100. c. a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age. d. measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement. e. intelligence tests translated into French would be more valid than other tests. c. a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age. Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess a. academic aptitude. b. inductive reasoning. c. emotional intelligence. d. savant syndrome. e. heritability a. academic aptitude. To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's a. inductive reasoning. b. emotional intelligence. c. mental age. d. genetic predispositions. e. normal curve. c. mental age. Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is a. 4 b. 4.5 c. 5 d. 80 e. 125 e. 125 For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as a. mental age multiplied by 100. b. chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100. c. chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100. d. mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100. e. mental age multiplied by chronological age divided by 100. d. mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100. Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 9 e. 12 b. 6 Twelve-year-old Norman has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 12 e. 16 b. 9 Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the a. extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity. b. need to standardize intelligence tests. c. possibility of predicting people's academic success from intelligence test scores. d. definition of mental age. e. belief that intelligence can be measured by an aptitude test. a. extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity. The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage a. selective breeding of highly intelligent people. b. creation of special education programs for intellectually inferior children. c. construction of culturally and racially unbiased tests of intelligence. d. use of factor analysis for identification of various types of intelligence. e. identification of lower IQ students in order to target more specific tutoring help. a. selective breeding of highly intelligent people. The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of a. preschool students. b. kindergarten students. c. grade school students. d. middle school students. e. college students. e. college students. The Stanford-Binet, WAIS, and WISC tests are all types of a. personality tests. b. factor analysis tests. c. achievement tests. d. multiple intelligence tests. e. general intelligence tests. d. multiple intelligence tests. Achievement tests are designed to a. measure the desire and potential capacity to successfully meet challenges. b. assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. c. compare an individual's personality with those of highly successful people. d. assess learned knowledge or skills. e. measure capacity to learn. d. assess learned knowledge or skills. The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test. a. achievement b. reliability c. interest d. aptitude e. intelligence a. achievement Aptitude tests are specifically designed to a. predict ability to learn a new skill. b. compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people. c. assess learned knowledge or skills. d. assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. e. measure educational achievement. a. predict ability to learn a new skil