QASP-S Exam Study Guide using Competency Guide 2023
with complete solution
Positive Behavior Support
an approach used to support behavior change. The method is not designed to "fix" the
person & never uses punishment. Main idea: teaching someone a more effective/
acceptable bx will decrease problem bx.
Who is a bx support plan for?
indv who display challenging bx to the extent that it severely impacts their life.
-can be developed and used at any age.
PBS in a School Setting
Proact, Safety Care, Be aware of antecedant strategies, ensure safety of kiddo and
others around.
What is a good bx support plan look like?
- more proactive strategies than reactive ones
- helps to ensure that the focus of the plan is on providing ways to support the person to
have a good life, enabling the person to learn better and more effective ways of getting
what they need.
Proactive Strategies
Intended to make sure the person gets what they need & includes ways to teach the
person appropriate communication & life skills.
Reactive Strategies
Designed to keep the person & those around them safe from harm. They provide a way
to react quickly when person is distressed & more likely to display challenging behavior.
Functions of Behaviors & Alternatives
Sensory:teach them to ask for desired object/ activity, use preferred sensory items to
create new activities, have sensory time & structured activity so stimming doesn't take
over
Escape:Teach them to say yes/ no, ask for break/ all done, introduce them to a less
preferred activity gradually, change the way you ask them to do something
Attention: Teach them to tap/ vocalize sign for desired item; give frequent positive social
attn
Tangibles:teach them to ask for object/ activity, Give what they asked for as soon as
appropriate, teach them to get something themselves, Make sure they are not left too
long w/o food/drink/ something meaningful to do.
What is Discrete Trial Training?
a Method of teaching in simplified & structured steps. A skill is broken down into steps &
built up one step at a time. Each attempt is a "trial".
5 steps of DTT
1.Antecedent-sets up the response (SD, environment)
2.Prompt
3.Response
, 4. Consequence for Correct Response/ Incorrect response
5. Inter-trial interval
Pros of DTT
Scripted to ensure all trials are consistent, can increase motivation & learning,
numerous learning opportunities, can be easily individualized, clear beginning & end to
each trial, can minimize failures
Cons of DTT
Difficult to generalize, boring, lacks naturalistic reinforcement, difficulty fading
reinforcement
Purpose of Person Centered Planning
ongoing problem solving process used to help ppl w disabilities plan for the future:
-To look at the ind a different way
-To assist the focus person in gaining control of their own life
-To increase opportunities for participation in the community
-To recognize individual desires, interests & dreams
-Through team effort, develop a plan to turn dreams into reality.
Who is involved in Person Centered Planning?
The focus person & whoever they would like. Works best when there is an unbiased
facilitator & a person to record what is shared. Family members, professionals, friends,
etc may be invited.
Steps of Person Centered Planning: Profiling
1. Develop a history for focus person. (Background, critical events, medical issues,
major developments, important relationships)
2. Description of quality of life for FP. (Comm participation, comm presence,
choices/rights, respect & competence)
3. Personal preferences of FP. (Preferred activities, things they do not like)
Person Centered Planning Meeting
1. Review the profile. Make comments & observations
2. Review trends/ongoing events in the environment.
3. Share visions for the future to increase opportunities.
4. ID obstacles & opportunities, things that could make vision a reality
5. ID strategies: action steps for implementation
6. Getting started: ID action steps that can be done in a short time.
7. ID the need for service delivery to be more responsive to ind needs.
Who was Hans Asperger?
20th century, Austrian Pediatrician who published a profile in 1944 of four boys with a
specific pattern of bx: "autisitic psychopathy".
Characteristics of Aspergers (1944)
"lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversations, intense
absorption in a special interest & clumsy movements."
The term "Asperger Syndrome" was coined by:
Lorna Wing, a British Researcher in 1981 in her research to counter Kanner's findings
on Autism.
Basic principles of Bx by Skinner (& others)
Reinforcement
-Prompting
with complete solution
Positive Behavior Support
an approach used to support behavior change. The method is not designed to "fix" the
person & never uses punishment. Main idea: teaching someone a more effective/
acceptable bx will decrease problem bx.
Who is a bx support plan for?
indv who display challenging bx to the extent that it severely impacts their life.
-can be developed and used at any age.
PBS in a School Setting
Proact, Safety Care, Be aware of antecedant strategies, ensure safety of kiddo and
others around.
What is a good bx support plan look like?
- more proactive strategies than reactive ones
- helps to ensure that the focus of the plan is on providing ways to support the person to
have a good life, enabling the person to learn better and more effective ways of getting
what they need.
Proactive Strategies
Intended to make sure the person gets what they need & includes ways to teach the
person appropriate communication & life skills.
Reactive Strategies
Designed to keep the person & those around them safe from harm. They provide a way
to react quickly when person is distressed & more likely to display challenging behavior.
Functions of Behaviors & Alternatives
Sensory:teach them to ask for desired object/ activity, use preferred sensory items to
create new activities, have sensory time & structured activity so stimming doesn't take
over
Escape:Teach them to say yes/ no, ask for break/ all done, introduce them to a less
preferred activity gradually, change the way you ask them to do something
Attention: Teach them to tap/ vocalize sign for desired item; give frequent positive social
attn
Tangibles:teach them to ask for object/ activity, Give what they asked for as soon as
appropriate, teach them to get something themselves, Make sure they are not left too
long w/o food/drink/ something meaningful to do.
What is Discrete Trial Training?
a Method of teaching in simplified & structured steps. A skill is broken down into steps &
built up one step at a time. Each attempt is a "trial".
5 steps of DTT
1.Antecedent-sets up the response (SD, environment)
2.Prompt
3.Response
, 4. Consequence for Correct Response/ Incorrect response
5. Inter-trial interval
Pros of DTT
Scripted to ensure all trials are consistent, can increase motivation & learning,
numerous learning opportunities, can be easily individualized, clear beginning & end to
each trial, can minimize failures
Cons of DTT
Difficult to generalize, boring, lacks naturalistic reinforcement, difficulty fading
reinforcement
Purpose of Person Centered Planning
ongoing problem solving process used to help ppl w disabilities plan for the future:
-To look at the ind a different way
-To assist the focus person in gaining control of their own life
-To increase opportunities for participation in the community
-To recognize individual desires, interests & dreams
-Through team effort, develop a plan to turn dreams into reality.
Who is involved in Person Centered Planning?
The focus person & whoever they would like. Works best when there is an unbiased
facilitator & a person to record what is shared. Family members, professionals, friends,
etc may be invited.
Steps of Person Centered Planning: Profiling
1. Develop a history for focus person. (Background, critical events, medical issues,
major developments, important relationships)
2. Description of quality of life for FP. (Comm participation, comm presence,
choices/rights, respect & competence)
3. Personal preferences of FP. (Preferred activities, things they do not like)
Person Centered Planning Meeting
1. Review the profile. Make comments & observations
2. Review trends/ongoing events in the environment.
3. Share visions for the future to increase opportunities.
4. ID obstacles & opportunities, things that could make vision a reality
5. ID strategies: action steps for implementation
6. Getting started: ID action steps that can be done in a short time.
7. ID the need for service delivery to be more responsive to ind needs.
Who was Hans Asperger?
20th century, Austrian Pediatrician who published a profile in 1944 of four boys with a
specific pattern of bx: "autisitic psychopathy".
Characteristics of Aspergers (1944)
"lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversations, intense
absorption in a special interest & clumsy movements."
The term "Asperger Syndrome" was coined by:
Lorna Wing, a British Researcher in 1981 in her research to counter Kanner's findings
on Autism.
Basic principles of Bx by Skinner (& others)
Reinforcement
-Prompting
