Growth is an increase in a measurable quantity
Development acquisition of skills and abilities order of sequence
Principles of growth
Growth rates are different, Different body parts grow quicker, Boys and girls grow differently, 2 people same
age but different height
Gross motor skills
Infancy 0-2 = grasping, lifting head and chest when lying on front,
6months =roll, crawl, sit
11-13 months =stand, cruise, and walk
2yrs =climb onto furniture,
2 ½yrs =kick a ball
3-4yrs =balance and walking along with a line, pedal, and control tricycle, run forward and backward
5-8yrs = skip with rope, hop ad skip catch, and throw a ball
6yrs=ride a bicycle
Fine motor skills
Infancy 0-2 =grasp an adult’s finger
3months =hold rattle
6 months =grasp toy
12 months =pick up toys using 3 fingers (pincer grasp)
18months=build with small blocks, use spoon, make marks with crayons use all his fingers (palmer grasp)
3yrs=use fork spoons, turn pages, button, and unbutton clothing
4yrs=color pictures and thread beads
5yrs= use manipulation -construct blocks, hand-eye coordination – to fit the pieces in their correct place
Gripping =strength in fingers to hold objects firmly: hold rattle, tricycle handle, or spoon
Manipulation = movement of objects use fingers and hands turn and twist objects: build blocks, play a musical
instrument
Hand-eye coordination =control of eye movement at the same time as finger and hand movement: sewing,
writing, completing jigsaw puzzles
Physical development in adolescence
Puberty =period of rapid growth from child to adult
Primary sex characteristics= features you have seen the birth
Males =penis, spontaneous erections Females =ovaries, vagina, uterus enlarges
Secondary sex characteristics= features you get after puberty
, Males=voice deepens, sweats more, muscles and fat increases Females=vaginas lengthen, breasts develop,
ovaries release eggs, wider hips, the menstrual cycle starts
Hormones
Testosterone produced by testes is responsible for the growth of penis and testes, pubic hair, development of
muscles, lowering voice
Oestrogen is produced by ovaries responsible for ovulation and the menstrual cycle Progesterone important in
pregnancy
Physical development in early adulthood
Hormones in pregnancy
Progesterone increases to maintain pregnancy and stimulates the milk
Body change
Hips become wider to carry weight, Hormones affect the shape and appearance of breasts, Darkened veins
increase blood supply, Nipples darken, and the areola becomes sensitive
Perimenopause
Around 40-45yrs old women reach the end of reproductive years called perimenopause
Symptoms
Hot flushes, night sweats, Mood swings, loss of libido (sexual desire), Vaginal dryness
Physical development in middle adulthood
Signs
Grey hair, Loss of muscle tone, strength, and stamina, Men lose hair, Women no longer fertile, Loss of height
Menopause
Natural physiological change that happens to women in middle adulthood
Over several yrs gradually ending of menstruation
Symptoms
Reduction in oestrogen:
Ovaries stop producing eggs, Thinning and shrinkage of vagina
Reduction of oestrogen and progesterone:
Gradually stops menstruation, Impact libido (sexual desire)
Reduction in oestrogen:
Affects the hypothalamus in the brain, regulate temperature, cause hot flushes and night sweats, affect health
of hair, skin, and nails, Cause mood swings as oestrogen regulate neurotransmitters affect mood
Physical development of later adulthood:
Symptoms
less elasticity the skin, decline in strength, loss of muscle, loss of stamina, less mobility= smaller and large
muscles, reduction in vision, reduction in hearing, dimming of hair on the head and pubic areas, the decline in
the performance of organs, susceptible to disease and infection
Development acquisition of skills and abilities order of sequence
Principles of growth
Growth rates are different, Different body parts grow quicker, Boys and girls grow differently, 2 people same
age but different height
Gross motor skills
Infancy 0-2 = grasping, lifting head and chest when lying on front,
6months =roll, crawl, sit
11-13 months =stand, cruise, and walk
2yrs =climb onto furniture,
2 ½yrs =kick a ball
3-4yrs =balance and walking along with a line, pedal, and control tricycle, run forward and backward
5-8yrs = skip with rope, hop ad skip catch, and throw a ball
6yrs=ride a bicycle
Fine motor skills
Infancy 0-2 =grasp an adult’s finger
3months =hold rattle
6 months =grasp toy
12 months =pick up toys using 3 fingers (pincer grasp)
18months=build with small blocks, use spoon, make marks with crayons use all his fingers (palmer grasp)
3yrs=use fork spoons, turn pages, button, and unbutton clothing
4yrs=color pictures and thread beads
5yrs= use manipulation -construct blocks, hand-eye coordination – to fit the pieces in their correct place
Gripping =strength in fingers to hold objects firmly: hold rattle, tricycle handle, or spoon
Manipulation = movement of objects use fingers and hands turn and twist objects: build blocks, play a musical
instrument
Hand-eye coordination =control of eye movement at the same time as finger and hand movement: sewing,
writing, completing jigsaw puzzles
Physical development in adolescence
Puberty =period of rapid growth from child to adult
Primary sex characteristics= features you have seen the birth
Males =penis, spontaneous erections Females =ovaries, vagina, uterus enlarges
Secondary sex characteristics= features you get after puberty
, Males=voice deepens, sweats more, muscles and fat increases Females=vaginas lengthen, breasts develop,
ovaries release eggs, wider hips, the menstrual cycle starts
Hormones
Testosterone produced by testes is responsible for the growth of penis and testes, pubic hair, development of
muscles, lowering voice
Oestrogen is produced by ovaries responsible for ovulation and the menstrual cycle Progesterone important in
pregnancy
Physical development in early adulthood
Hormones in pregnancy
Progesterone increases to maintain pregnancy and stimulates the milk
Body change
Hips become wider to carry weight, Hormones affect the shape and appearance of breasts, Darkened veins
increase blood supply, Nipples darken, and the areola becomes sensitive
Perimenopause
Around 40-45yrs old women reach the end of reproductive years called perimenopause
Symptoms
Hot flushes, night sweats, Mood swings, loss of libido (sexual desire), Vaginal dryness
Physical development in middle adulthood
Signs
Grey hair, Loss of muscle tone, strength, and stamina, Men lose hair, Women no longer fertile, Loss of height
Menopause
Natural physiological change that happens to women in middle adulthood
Over several yrs gradually ending of menstruation
Symptoms
Reduction in oestrogen:
Ovaries stop producing eggs, Thinning and shrinkage of vagina
Reduction of oestrogen and progesterone:
Gradually stops menstruation, Impact libido (sexual desire)
Reduction in oestrogen:
Affects the hypothalamus in the brain, regulate temperature, cause hot flushes and night sweats, affect health
of hair, skin, and nails, Cause mood swings as oestrogen regulate neurotransmitters affect mood
Physical development of later adulthood:
Symptoms
less elasticity the skin, decline in strength, loss of muscle, loss of stamina, less mobility= smaller and large
muscles, reduction in vision, reduction in hearing, dimming of hair on the head and pubic areas, the decline in
the performance of organs, susceptible to disease and infection
