Chapter : 01 Database System Concept
Contents
1.1 Concept of data, database, DBMS, advantages of DBMS over file processing system, Application of Database.
1.2 Three level Architecture for Database System.
1.3 Data abstraction: levels, Instance and schema, Data independence- Logical and Physical Independence.
1.4 Overall structure of DBMS.
1.5 Data modeling: Record based logical model-Relational, Network, Hierarchical.
1.6 Data Modeling using E-R Model, Strong Entity set, Weak Entity set, Types of Attributes, E-R diagrams.
1) Define DBMS: 02 Marks
The database management system can be defined as collection of interrelated data & set of
program / tools to operate on it.
2) Name of various DBMS & RDBMS software:
DBMS: FoxPro, FoxPro, Dbase, MS Access etc.
RDBMS: Oracle, DB2,SQL Server, MYSQL.
3) List Disadvantage of file processing System over DBMS:
• Data sharing is difficult.
• Data redundancy is present.
• Absence of consistency in data.
• Integration is difficult.
• Security is challenge.
• Do not provide transaction support.
• Conflict requirement cannot handle.
• Difficult to set the standard.
4) Explain Advantages of DBMS over file processing system:
• Sharing of Data.
• Reduction in redundancy.
• Avoiding Inconsistency.
• Maintaining Integrity.
• Enforcement of Security.
• Balancing conflicting requirements.
• Enforcing standards.
• Transaction Support.
5) Explain characteristics of DBMS:
• Sharing of Data.
• Reduction in redundancy.
• Avoiding Inconsistency.
• Maintaining Integrity.
• Enforcement of Security.
• Balancing conflicting requirements.
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
, • Enforcing standards.
• Transaction Support.
6) Application of DBMS:
• Banking.
• Airline
• Universities.
• Telecommunication.
• Finance.
• Online Trading.
• Human Resource Development.
• Sales & Marketing.
7) List function of Database Administrator (DBA)
• Schema Definition.
• Storage Structure
• Access method definition.
• Granting of authorization for data access.
• Performance tuning.
• Regular maintenance.
Domain: Domain can be defined as set of permitted value for a particular attribute.
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
, 1.4 List 12 Rules of fully Functional RDBMS: 04 Marks
Rule1: The Information Rule:
The whole data should represent to the user in the form Table.
Rule2: Guaranteed Access Rule:
The complete data should available or accessible to the user without any ambiguity.
The ambiguity should can avoid only by a strong combination of table name, primary key column
name.
Rule3: Systematic treatment of null values:
Null values should be treated properly.
The table should allow a field to remain empty.
This values not applicable to key Attribute.
Rule4: Dynamic on-line catalog based on the relational model:
There are certain system tables store into Database.
The data accessing tools should be used to access the database structure information.
Rule5: Comprehensive data sub language rule:
Database needs to support minimum one clearly defined language.
That language should be capable of handling data definition, data manipulation, data integrity &data
base transaction control.
Rule6: View updating rule:
View allows user to view data logically.
View can show you output in the form records & fields.
Views are the logical storage of data present in the actual table.
Rule7: High Level insert, update & delete:
RDBMS should provide data insertion, updating & deletion.
Above mention operation can perform on a single table as well as a multiple tables at same time.
Rule8: Physical data independence:
User should not aware about the storage or retrieving data or information.
The changes should make under the architecture.
But because of “Rule” storage & retrieving should not affected.
Rule9: Logical data independence:
Users view should change when logical structure of database change.
Because of this change data access method & content should change the method.
Rule10: Integrity independence:
SQL need support for constrain or limitation on user input for database integrity.
Primary key should not allow NULL value.
Foreign key & Primary key should carry the same contain.
Rule11: Distribution independence:
User need not allow to know whether database is distributed or not.
Rule12: No Subversion rule:
To modify or change a database structure use a database language. Ex:SQL
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
Contents
1.1 Concept of data, database, DBMS, advantages of DBMS over file processing system, Application of Database.
1.2 Three level Architecture for Database System.
1.3 Data abstraction: levels, Instance and schema, Data independence- Logical and Physical Independence.
1.4 Overall structure of DBMS.
1.5 Data modeling: Record based logical model-Relational, Network, Hierarchical.
1.6 Data Modeling using E-R Model, Strong Entity set, Weak Entity set, Types of Attributes, E-R diagrams.
1) Define DBMS: 02 Marks
The database management system can be defined as collection of interrelated data & set of
program / tools to operate on it.
2) Name of various DBMS & RDBMS software:
DBMS: FoxPro, FoxPro, Dbase, MS Access etc.
RDBMS: Oracle, DB2,SQL Server, MYSQL.
3) List Disadvantage of file processing System over DBMS:
• Data sharing is difficult.
• Data redundancy is present.
• Absence of consistency in data.
• Integration is difficult.
• Security is challenge.
• Do not provide transaction support.
• Conflict requirement cannot handle.
• Difficult to set the standard.
4) Explain Advantages of DBMS over file processing system:
• Sharing of Data.
• Reduction in redundancy.
• Avoiding Inconsistency.
• Maintaining Integrity.
• Enforcement of Security.
• Balancing conflicting requirements.
• Enforcing standards.
• Transaction Support.
5) Explain characteristics of DBMS:
• Sharing of Data.
• Reduction in redundancy.
• Avoiding Inconsistency.
• Maintaining Integrity.
• Enforcement of Security.
• Balancing conflicting requirements.
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
, • Enforcing standards.
• Transaction Support.
6) Application of DBMS:
• Banking.
• Airline
• Universities.
• Telecommunication.
• Finance.
• Online Trading.
• Human Resource Development.
• Sales & Marketing.
7) List function of Database Administrator (DBA)
• Schema Definition.
• Storage Structure
• Access method definition.
• Granting of authorization for data access.
• Performance tuning.
• Regular maintenance.
Domain: Domain can be defined as set of permitted value for a particular attribute.
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
, 1.4 List 12 Rules of fully Functional RDBMS: 04 Marks
Rule1: The Information Rule:
The whole data should represent to the user in the form Table.
Rule2: Guaranteed Access Rule:
The complete data should available or accessible to the user without any ambiguity.
The ambiguity should can avoid only by a strong combination of table name, primary key column
name.
Rule3: Systematic treatment of null values:
Null values should be treated properly.
The table should allow a field to remain empty.
This values not applicable to key Attribute.
Rule4: Dynamic on-line catalog based on the relational model:
There are certain system tables store into Database.
The data accessing tools should be used to access the database structure information.
Rule5: Comprehensive data sub language rule:
Database needs to support minimum one clearly defined language.
That language should be capable of handling data definition, data manipulation, data integrity &data
base transaction control.
Rule6: View updating rule:
View allows user to view data logically.
View can show you output in the form records & fields.
Views are the logical storage of data present in the actual table.
Rule7: High Level insert, update & delete:
RDBMS should provide data insertion, updating & deletion.
Above mention operation can perform on a single table as well as a multiple tables at same time.
Rule8: Physical data independence:
User should not aware about the storage or retrieving data or information.
The changes should make under the architecture.
But because of “Rule” storage & retrieving should not affected.
Rule9: Logical data independence:
Users view should change when logical structure of database change.
Because of this change data access method & content should change the method.
Rule10: Integrity independence:
SQL need support for constrain or limitation on user input for database integrity.
Primary key should not allow NULL value.
Foreign key & Primary key should carry the same contain.
Rule11: Distribution independence:
User need not allow to know whether database is distributed or not.
Rule12: No Subversion rule:
To modify or change a database structure use a database language. Ex:SQL
Prepared by : Prof. P. B. Khairnar
