C182 (Introduction to IT) - Flashcards

C182 (Introduction to IT) - Flashcards Assembly and machine language are examples of which type of programming language? These are examples of *low-level programming languages*. JavaScript, Python, PHP, and JSP are examples of what type of programming language? These are examples of *scripting languages*. BASIC, C, C++, FORTRAN, and LISP are examples of which kind of programming language? These are known as *high-level programming languages*. A system comprised of different parts working together to accomplish a goal is known as what? This loosely defines *Information Technology.* Maintaining computer systems, installing hardware/software, configuring OSs, and performing some scripting are the roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Systems Administrator*. Running wire, working with network hardware, configuring machines for network communication, and troubleshooting the network are roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Network Administrator*. Designing, developing, and supporting DBMSs (Database Management Systems) are roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Database Administrator*. Installing, configuring, and administering firewall security are some of the roles of which type of administrator? These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Security Administrator*. Installing, configuring, maintaining, securing, and troubleshooting web servers are the roles of which type of administrator? These admins may be referred to as a "webmaster" and may or may not be responsible for the server hardware. These are typically the roles associated with a *Web Administrator*. What are some skills desired for IT personnel? Troubleshooting/problem-solving, knowledge of operating systems, system level programming (scripting), system security, hardware. Information can be defined as _________ data. Processed Is data *more* or *less* structured than information? Data is *less* structured than information. __________ is the output of some process. Information What does DIKW refer to? Data - Information - Knowledge - Wisdom What is the difference between information and data? Data consists of raw inputs, whereas information consists of data that has been processed into more useful material. A set of tools, such as computer hardware & software, and the people that use these tools in order to manipulate data to obtain information describes what? This is an *Information System*. What 5 characteristics does *quality data* consist of? Relevant - timely - thorough - accurate - reliable What does *IPO* / *IPO+S* refer to? Input - Processing - Output - Storage What four operations does a computer perform? IPO / IPO+S - Input - Processing - Output - Storage The physical components of the computer are referred to as what? The physical components of the computer are referred to as *hardware*. Programs and other operating information used by the computer is known as what? Software A collection of computers and resources connected by various media to enable communication with each other refers to what in a computer system? A *computer network*. The people who use the computer system are known as what? Users What is a network protocol? A standard set of rules used to determine how networks communicate with each other. What is the most common network protocol? TCP/IP What are the 4 main components of a computer system? CPU - memory - input/output (I/O) - bus The hardware in a computer that executes instructions and commands the computer components is known as what? This is the *Central Processing Unit* (CPU). What contains peripheral devices (mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc) used for input, output, and long-term storage? The *I/O system*. What stores programs being executed and the data that the programs use? Computer memory (RAM) The component on the motherboard that consists of several wires and allows hardware to communicate with other hardware on the motherboard. The system *bus*. The main circuit board which houses the CPU, memory chips, and expansion cards in any computer. The *motherboard*. The device used for long-term storage that saves data even when the computer is shut down. The *hard drive*. A video card or wireless network card may be located in an _______________ slot. Expansion A CPU consists of what two parts? The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the CU (control unit). What controls the speed at which instructions are processed? The *system clock*. What retrieves instructions and raw input data and sends that data to the ALU for processing? The *Control Unit* (CU). What does the actual processing of the data, sent by the CU, to display on the screen? The *Arithmetic Logic Unit* (ALU). What is the measurement unit used to identify the clock speed of today's computers (Hz, MHz, GHz, etc)? The clock speed of computers today is measured in *GHz*. A computer can only run programs if it has a sufficient amount of ___________. Memory Is system memory used for short-term storage or long-term storage? Short-term storage What are the two main forms of RAM? Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). What does ROM stand for? ROM stands for read-only memory. What does BIOS stand for? BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. Where is the BIOS stored? In the ROM chip located on the motherboard. What is the smallest unit of storage in a computer system? A bit is the smallest unit of storage. How many bits are in a *byte*? There are 8 bits in 1 byte. What would a *docking station* be used for? A docking station allows a laptop or tablet to function like a desktop and provides more peripherals. Vacuum tubes, relay switches, and the need to program in machine language are characteristics of which generation of computers? These are characteristics of the *first generation* of computers. What replaced vacuum tubes around the year 1959? Transistors. Magnetic core memory, along with the introduction of transistors, led to which generation of computers? These innovations led to the *second generation* of computers. What was invented in 1964, incorporated dozens of transistors, and brought about the third generation of computers? The *silicon chip*, also known as a printed circuit or integrated circuit (IC). In which generation did computers become cheap enough for organizations to purchase them? This occurred during the *third generation* of computers. Which generation of computers introduced simple operating systems? Operating systems were introduced in the *third generation* of computers. Which generation of computers led to the rise of computer networking? The need to connect "dumb" terminals to an organizations main computer (mainframe) during the *third generation* of computers led to the rise of computer networks. What was introduced by IBM in the year 1974 that led to the fourth generation of computers? The *single-chip processor*, also known as a /microprocessor/, made computers small enough to sit on a person's desk, which brought about the fourth generation of computers. What is the most recent generation of computers? The *fourth generation* i