WGU C182 Introduction to IT

WGU C182 Introduction to IT The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible. Ans-Information Technology Administration and Support Ans-IT Professional Roles Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware, software, and programming. Ans-System Administrator In charge of all aspects of the computer network Ans-Network Administrator Focuses on the design, development, and support of database management systems (DBMSs). AnsDatabase Administrator Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop intrusions. Ans-Security Administrator Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web severs. Ans-Web Administrator Help desk and training. Ans-Support IT Professionals Processed data. Ans-Information Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom) Ans-DIKW Hierarchy The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been converted into a relevant form. Ans-Data in DIKW Having been inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form. Ans-Information in DIKW Information that has been put to use; information placed into a context. Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to call forth only relevant portions of information when needed. AnsKnowledge in DIKW Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the "why". Can only come by having both knowledge and experience. Ans-Wisdom in DIKW A collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also refers to the technical components and human resources that enable the assembly, storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers. Ans-Information Systems Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner Thorough - the data must be complete Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible. Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points and over time Ans-Characteristics of Quality Data The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle Ans-IPOS Raw data is entered by the user. Ans-Input Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness. Ans-Processing Information is output so user can see results. Ans-Output Processed information is stored for permanent record. Ans-Storage A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users. Ans-Computer System Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer. Ans-Hardware Computer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute commands and process information Ans-Software A collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they can communicate with each other. Ans-Network Those who use a computer. Ans-User Systems Software and Applications Software Ans-Software Categories First users were the engineers who built and programmed computers, then employees who had received specialized training were users, and now today, anyone and everyone can be a user. AnsEvolution of Users Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other. Ans-Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that communicate over the Internet. Ans-TCP/IP A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example. Ans-Protocol Stack CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices Ans-Components of a Computer Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip". Ans-CPU Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using. Ans-Memory All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used. Ans-I/O Subsystem Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable communication among the electronic components Ans-Bus Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. Ans-System Unit Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion Slots/Cards Ans-Internal Components of the System Unit Control Unit (CU) - retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output displayed on the screen Ans-Parts of the CPU Controls the speed at which instructions are processed. Ans-System Clock Stands for Random Access Memory. It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer. It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses power). You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has. Ans-RAM Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - typically called main memory Static RAM (SRAM) - cache memory and registers Ans-Types of RAM BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard. Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on). Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk. Can't choose the amount or contents. Ans-BIOS ROM Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language Ans-1st Generation of Computers Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers Ans-2nd Generation of Computers Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals Ans-3rd Generation of Computers Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use Ans-4th Generation of Computers Doubling of transistor count roughly every 18 - 24 months (exponential increase) Ans-Moore's Law Punch cards, magnetic tape, hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, flash memory, cloud storage AnsEvolution of Storage Written for a specific machine by the engineers who built and ran the computers; no need for OS since only one program could run at a time Ans-Machine/Low-level Language Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise low level instructions Ans-Assembly Language Function is to translate one program language into another; take source code and convert it to another form; source code by itself cannot be read by a computer Ans-Language Translator Programs Improve language translator; requires that the components of the software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more effcient Ans-Compiler Programmer is limited to high level control constructs such as while loops, for loops, and if/else statements and not allowed to use primitive GOTO statements Ans-Structured Programming Characterized by the creation of windowed operating systems, easier real-world object modeling in programming code, and the application of inheritance in program code. Ans-Object Oriented Programming A type of programming language for which most of its implementations execute instructions directly and freely, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions. Ans-Interpreted Code Small programs that place Linux commands or DOS batch files into a file Ans-Shell Scripting The computer that the user is using; physically present with Ans-Local Computer A computer being accessed over the network Ans-Remote Computer Connects computers to each other with no real understanding of what is being t