The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 5 2023 with complete solutions questions and answers

what is disease failure of the body to function normally types of pathogens bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa larger disease causing organisms worms and arthropods bacteria single-celled organisms found everywhere pathogens disease-producing microorganisms infection invasion of the body by pathogen and the symptoms that develop in response to this invasion colonization microorganism is present but not causing illness normal flora prevents the over growth of organisms, keeping them under control antibiotic Chemical used to trat bacteria infection communicable disease Any disease that can be spread from one host to another. commensal organisms living in harmonious and beneficial relationship with each other. epidemic disease a disease by many people in a given area over a short period epidemiology the study of the occurrence and distribution of a disease in a population incubation period the lapse period of time from the exposure of a person to a pathogen to the development of the symptoms of the disease nosocomial infection a hospital acquired infection vector A carrier of pathogens from host to host when bacteria invades they cause damage in two ways by entering & growing in the human cell and by secreting toxins that damage the cell classification into three groups based on shape Coccus, Bacillus and Curved cocco round cells that are arranged in patterns bacillus rod shape - long and slender shape like a cigar curved rod vibrio (spirillum) - curved and resembles a comma viruses smallest of the infectious agents viruses are not cells and consist of either RNA and DNA surrounded by protein shell viruses can only reproduce within the living cells of a host, they are parasites fungus plantlike organisms - ex mushrooms fungus grows best in the dark - ex yeast and molds fungus mycotic infections - ex athletes feet, ringworm, thrust and vaginitis protozoa single cell, animal microbes protozoa amebas, cillates, flagellates and sporozoa protozoa found in soil and in most bodies of water - ex malaria helminths parasitic worms anthropods animals with jointed legs and include insects = ex mites, lice, mosquito, biting fleas and ticks act as vectors of disease antibiotic Chemical used to treat bacterial infections Commensal Organisms living in a harmonious and beneficial relationship with eachother. The organism derive nutritional or other environmental benefits from the other. Commensal bacteria are part of the normal flora communicable disease any disease that can be spread from one host to another. A non communicable disease is an infectious disease that can not be transmitted directly or indirectly from host to host. epidemic disease disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time. A endemic disease is always present in a population Epidemiology The study of the occurrence and distribution of a disease in a population incubation period the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms Normal flora A group of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease. Normal flora colonize the mouth, intestinal tract, vagina, nasal cavities, and other areas of the body nosocomial infection an infection acquired during hospitalization Reserviors of infections include humans, non-humans vertebrate animals, water and soil Resistance The ability to ward off diseases. A lack of resistance is called susceptibility Vector A carrier (animal, insect) that transmits disease Neisseria Gonorrhea and bacterial meningitis Staphylococcus aureus (causes skin infections) leading cause of nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections Streptococcus Genus of bacteria; commonly known for causing strep throat Bordetella pertussis Whooping cough Clostridium Botulinum causes botulism a potentially fatal form of food poisoning ; perfringens causes gas gangrene; tetani causes tetanus or lockjaw Escherichia coli Coli is a part of the normal flora of the intestine, coli causes local and systematic infections Haemophilus Aegyptius causes conjunctivitis, a highly contagious infection that occurs in areas where there are many young children Legionella pneumophila Pneumophila is responsible for legionnaires disease a type of pneumonia. The organism contaminates water supplies as in air conditioning units Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa UTI Salmonella Bacteria that causes food poisoning Shigella dysenteriae Dysenteriae causes dysentery Borrelia burgdorferi causes lyme disease Treponema pallidum causes syphilis Vibro cholerae Cholera Rickettsia small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites Chlamydia A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females (trachoma) Chikungunya fever Caused by mosquito borne (aedes) dengue viruses Dengue Fever A break back fever cause by (aedes) dengue viruses Ebola Viral hemorrhagic fever Encephalitis viruses Is the inflammation of the brain Hepatitis viruses Hep A spread by fecal-oral route Hep B is press by sexual activity Hep C is Spread through contaminated blood herpes simplex A contagious recurring viral infection characterized by blisters on the lips or nostrils is or genital herpes sexually transmitted herpes varicella-zoster causes the skin rash of chickenpox during childhood human papilloma virus A very common viral sexually transmitted infection. Causes genital warts Influenza virus Flu Measles virus Measles (Rubeola) Mumps virus Mumps is epidemic parotitis (inflammation of a salivary gland) Polio virus poliomyelitis Rhabdovirus Rabies Rhinoviruses Common cold Rubella virus German measles Zika Virus Aedes Mosquito tinea ringworm Entamoeba histolytica Amoebic dysentery Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomoniasis sexually transmitted disease Ascaris roundworm paraistes that live in the intestines of pigs, horses, and humans Hookworm larvae enter the body by boring thru the skin, usually the feet Pinworm Parasitic Worm Tapeworms Tapeworm acquires by eating poorly cooked contaminated food