Anatomy of the Lower Limbs

Lower Limb: Gluteal Region +
Thigh
Pelvic Girdle
2 Hip Bone + Sacrum ⇒
Forms a
complete ring of bones

The inner aspect forms a cavity
for organs (above the dotted
lines)

The dotted lines are for
urinary bladder, rectum..

The Hip Bones transmit weight from
the spine to the femur of the thigh

Shown by the solid arrows




Hip Bone: External View
3 parts:

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

The three parts meet at the
acetabulum

A cup-like depression

Site for the femur

Have a acetabular notch at the
lower margin

Obturator Foramen

Right below the acetabulum


Lower Limb: Gluteal Region + Thigh 1

, The top of the hipbone is the Ilium

Form the Iliac crest which is a
thick upper border

Two pairs of spines (left arrows)

Anterior superior +
inferior spines

Posterior superior + inferior
spines

Two notches (right arrows)

Greater+ Lesser sciatic
notches




Ischium

Body, Ischial spine

Ischial Tuberosity

When we sit on a chair we
sit on this tubercle

Ischial Ramus

Pubis

Squarish Body

Superior + Inferior ramus

Ischiopubic ramus

Ischial ramus + Inferior pubic
ramus


Hip Bone: Internal View
There is a depression in the upper



Lower Limb: Gluteal Region + Thigh 2

, ilium

⇒ Iliac fossa
Above the oblique line

Gives attachment to iliacus
mucles




Ligaments and Foramina
Sacrotuberous ligament

Thick and large ligament

Connect the sacrum to the
ischial tuberosity ⇒
sacrotuberous

Sacrospinous ligament

Smaller and deeper ligament

Connect the lower sacrum to
the ischial spine ⇒
sacrospinous

Together these ligaments convert
the sciatic notches into foramina

Greater foramina

Lesser foramina




Lower Limb: Gluteal Region + Thigh 3