The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking Questions
and Answers (2022/2023) (Verified Answers)
What are the 5 Networking Layers in order?
5. Application layer
4. Transport layer
3. Network layer
2. data link layer
1. Physical layer
Physical Layer
This layer has devices that interconnect computers with cabling connectors. It sends
and receives signals on the physical wire or antenna to transmit the bits found in
frames.
Data Link layer
Responsible for defining a common way of interpreting signals, so network deices can
communicate.
Network Layer
Allows different networks to communicate with each other through networks, such as
the internet.
Transport Layer
This layer sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get that data.
Application Layer
Software that we use, the part of the model that is closest to the user (gmail, browser,
etc.). Permits applications to request access to the network services.
Layer 1
Cable, Ethernet, hubs
Physical Layer
Layer 2
Switch, Ethernet Protocol
Data Link layer
Layer 3
Internet Protocol, Router, Logical Addressing
Network Layer
Layer 4
Transport Control Protocol, Client Server, Server, User Datagram Protocol
Transport Layer
Layer 5
Web Browser, HTTP , SMTP - send receive email
Application Layer
UDP or User Datagram Protocol
This is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol. It is
part of the transport layer protocol. UDP is connectionless. This means there is no setup
or teardown of a connection.
What is the difference between UDP & TCP?
, The UDP protocol works similarly to TCP, but it throws out all the error-checking stuff.
All the back-and-forth communication introduces latency, slowing things down. TCP
provides mechanisms to ensure that data is reliably delivered while UDP does not.
Crosstalk
Caused by the electrical signals of one wire disrupting the signals of another wire.
TCP or Transmission Control Protocol
A protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another
IP or Internet Protocol
A set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet or other network.
Cat 5
Type of cable that has the ability to transfer information from one computer to another
Cat 5e
Enhanced cat 5 cable used for gigabit speeds and minimum for Voice over IP
Cat 6e
This cable has shorter distance at higher speeds.
Fiber cable
Contain individual optical fibers that uses light to transmit data.
Which cable supports the longest distance to transmit data - Cat5, Fiber Optic, Cat5e,
Cat6e?
Fiber Optic
Hub
This is a physical layer device used to connect network components. All the devices
connected to a hub will end up talking to all other devices at the same time.
Switch
A Data Link Layer device that connects network segments. A switch can inspect the
contents of the Ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which
system the data is intended for and then only send data to that one system.
Collision Domain
This is a network segment where only one device can communicate at a time,
Hubs/Switches
primary devices used to connect computers on a single local area network (LAN)
Router
A Network layer device that routes packets of data between two or more networks.
and Answers (2022/2023) (Verified Answers)
What are the 5 Networking Layers in order?
5. Application layer
4. Transport layer
3. Network layer
2. data link layer
1. Physical layer
Physical Layer
This layer has devices that interconnect computers with cabling connectors. It sends
and receives signals on the physical wire or antenna to transmit the bits found in
frames.
Data Link layer
Responsible for defining a common way of interpreting signals, so network deices can
communicate.
Network Layer
Allows different networks to communicate with each other through networks, such as
the internet.
Transport Layer
This layer sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get that data.
Application Layer
Software that we use, the part of the model that is closest to the user (gmail, browser,
etc.). Permits applications to request access to the network services.
Layer 1
Cable, Ethernet, hubs
Physical Layer
Layer 2
Switch, Ethernet Protocol
Data Link layer
Layer 3
Internet Protocol, Router, Logical Addressing
Network Layer
Layer 4
Transport Control Protocol, Client Server, Server, User Datagram Protocol
Transport Layer
Layer 5
Web Browser, HTTP , SMTP - send receive email
Application Layer
UDP or User Datagram Protocol
This is an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol. It is
part of the transport layer protocol. UDP is connectionless. This means there is no setup
or teardown of a connection.
What is the difference between UDP & TCP?
, The UDP protocol works similarly to TCP, but it throws out all the error-checking stuff.
All the back-and-forth communication introduces latency, slowing things down. TCP
provides mechanisms to ensure that data is reliably delivered while UDP does not.
Crosstalk
Caused by the electrical signals of one wire disrupting the signals of another wire.
TCP or Transmission Control Protocol
A protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another
IP or Internet Protocol
A set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet or other network.
Cat 5
Type of cable that has the ability to transfer information from one computer to another
Cat 5e
Enhanced cat 5 cable used for gigabit speeds and minimum for Voice over IP
Cat 6e
This cable has shorter distance at higher speeds.
Fiber cable
Contain individual optical fibers that uses light to transmit data.
Which cable supports the longest distance to transmit data - Cat5, Fiber Optic, Cat5e,
Cat6e?
Fiber Optic
Hub
This is a physical layer device used to connect network components. All the devices
connected to a hub will end up talking to all other devices at the same time.
Switch
A Data Link Layer device that connects network segments. A switch can inspect the
contents of the Ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which
system the data is intended for and then only send data to that one system.
Collision Domain
This is a network segment where only one device can communicate at a time,
Hubs/Switches
primary devices used to connect computers on a single local area network (LAN)
Router
A Network layer device that routes packets of data between two or more networks.
