HERB101 - Module 1 - Introduction to Herbal Medicine 2023 with complete solutions questions and answers

Plants can be an abundant source of these active constituents, but it depends on the soil in which they grow. Minerals and Trace elements Generally, wild herbs and weeds grow where they can best extract their mineral requirements from the soil. These substances are naturally occurring and potent substances. They can be poisonous when taken in excessive doses. Alkaloids. Generally, alkaloids are unsuitable for use in the home but are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. True or False: Herbs can replace the need for health care from your health care professional. False It is very important to remember that herbs are complementary to your health care program. They do not replace the need for health care from your health care professional. Saponins are natural compounds that are very similar to glycosides but are different because they dissolve in water and produce a _________. Soapy lather. These are very useful herbal preparations and can use lanolin, or oil and beeswax as a base. Ointment. The amount of beeswax will affect the firmness of your ointment, so add slightly more if you prefer a firm ointment or less for a more fluid ointment. True or False: When using herbs, it is preferable to give large amounts and to be consistent. False When using herbs, it is preferable to give small amounts often and to be consistent. The body, when allowed to heal naturally with the aid of nature's medicines, requires time to heal. True or False: Herbalism is the branch of the healing sciences that deals with the therapeutic properties of herbs. True. Which of the following can be used to correctly identify dandelion, Taraxacum officinale? A hollow and smooth stem, which exudes a milky bitter juice when crushed. Hairless leaves with serrated edges. A single flower, which is bright yellow and made up of many narrow petals. Correct! All of the above. Be aware that some other plants look like dandelion. You can identify a dandelion by its stem, which is hollow and smooth and exudes a milky bitter juice when crushed. The leaves are hairless and have serrated edges. Dandelion usually bears a single flower, which is bright yellow and made up of many narrow petals. They close up at night and in rainy weather. Use the young leaves, as the older leaves are bitter. This herbal preparation uses a cloth or heavy towel: dip in the hot herbal mixture, wring out, and apply to the affected area. (Had this incorrect as a poultice!!) Fomentation Fomentations are useful for strained muscles, swellings, and abscesses. This herbal preparation is made by placing 1 teaspoon of herb in 1 cup of water. Cover the pot and let steep for 5-15 minutes. Tea . When making tea, bring your teapot to the boiling water, never the water to the teapot. This ensures that the water is as close to boiling as possible when you pour it over your herb or herbal blend. These active constituents are a sticky gel that form a layer on the surface of mucous membranes. Mucilage - It soothes inflammations and protects from invading irritants. Taken before meals, ________________ stimulate the appetite by promoting the flow of the digestive fluids. bitter principles. These are herbal preparations that extract the medicinal substances of herbs into a solution using alcohol, vegetable glycerin, or vinegar. tincture Tinctures are highly valuable for extracting certain non-water soluble active constituents, as water retrieves only the water-soluble medicinal properties. An excessive dose of these active constituents can cause irritation to the stomach wall and liver damage. Tannins - If a cold infusion is prepared, only a small proportion of tannins are absorbed. An alphabetized ___________ is ideal for recording your experiences with herbal medicine. journal An herb can be defined as All those plant species from the tallest tree to the smallest weed that contain medicinal substances Various often aromatic plants used especially in medicine or as seasoning A medicinal or culinary plant Correct! All of the above All of the above are definitions of herbs. Plants can be an abundant source of these active constituents, but it depends on the soil in which they grow. Minerals and Trace elements Generally, wild herbs and weeds grow where they can best extract their mineral requirements from the soil. Previous Next ______ are preparations that extract the medicinal substances of herbs into a solution using alcohol, vegetable glycerin, or vinegar. They are highly valuable, as water retrieves only some of the medicinal properties. tinctures According to your lessons, when was the first written record of use of herbal medicine? In a Chinese pharmacopeia more than 5,000 years old When administering herbs, it is preferable to give ______ amounts _______ and to be _______. small, frequently, consistent These active constituents are naturally occurring and potent substances. They can be poisonous when taken in excessive doses. alkaloids -Generally, alkaloids are unsuitable for use in the home but are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. This herbal preparation is made by bringing 1 pint of fresh water to a boil and pouring it over 1 ounce of herbs, then steeping for 10-20 minutes. infusion - When making infusions, bring your teapot to the boiling water, never the water to the teapot. this ensures that the water is as close to boiling as possible when you pour it over your herb or herbal blend. True or False: When using herbs, it is preferable to give large amounts and to be consistent. False - When using herbs, it is preferable to give small amounts often and to be consistent. The body, when allowed to heal naturally with the aid of nature's medicines, requires time to heal. These herbal preparations can be stored up to 72 hours, if stored in a very cool place, such as the refrigerator. Decoctions are intended for immediate use and should be used within at most 72 hours. These active constituents are a sticky gel that form a layer on the surface of mucous membranes. Mucilage - It soothes inflammations and protects from invading irritants. This herbal preparation is made by putting 1 ounce of crushed herbs into a saucepan with 1 pint of water. Simmer (do not boil) with the pot lid slightly off the pot, until the volume reduces by one quarter. decoction - Cool, strain and take in divided doses throughout the day. These are herbal preparations that extract the medicinal substances of herbs into a solution using alcohol, vegetable glycerin, or vinegar. tincture - Tinctures are highly valuable for extracting certain non-water soluble active constituents, as water retrieves only the water-soluble medicinal properties. An excessive dose of these active constituents can cause irritation to the stomach wall and liver damage. tannins - If a cold infusion is prepared, only a small proportion of tannins are absorbed. When did scientists begin isolating active constituents from herbs? In the mid 19th century. To understand how herbs affect the body it is necessary to have a basic understanding of the ____________ they contain. constituents What is herbal medicine? (MLO1) Your Answer: According to our textbook, HERB101, Basics of Herbalism, by Dorene Petersen, herbal medicine encompasses a branch of the healing sciences that deals with the therapeutic properties of herbs. From herbs, we look at their active constituents and the actions they create in our body to heal, along with methods to stimulate those actions such as herbal preparations, and finally situations when you shouldn't use herbs or defer to a licensed healthcare practitioner. We can use herbs to enhance our health and balance our bodies in many ways - we can use them as essential oils, in herbal remedies such as teas, tinctures, and decoctions, as salves and poultices, and also as nutritional support as many can be utilized as culinary spices or eaten in salads for example. Some herbs can only be used for medicinal purposes, such as valerian Valeriana officinalis (L.) or mostly for culinary purposes, such as marjoram Origanum majorana (L.). Some herbs can be used for both, such as parsley Petroselinum crispum (Mill.). For many people, herbalism is a way to get back to our roots in medicine before synthetic drugs (and their nasty side effects) took hold, and as a way to keep us healthier in the first place so that disease doesn't have a chance to take hold in our bodies. For me on a personal level, it embodies the holistic approach to health care, taking into consideration mind, body, and spirit. One can definitely benefit from adding herbal medicine to your overall health plan for optimal wellness! Define herb. Dorene Petersen - All those plant species, from the tallest tree to the smallest weed, that contain medicinal substances in harmony with the cellular structure of the human body and can balance the systems of the body to achieve and maintain wellness. American Heritage Dictionary of English Language - any various, often aromatic plants used especially in medicine or as seasoning. Herbs can be primarily medicinal (valerian Valeriana officinalis (L.)) or primarily culinary (marjoram Origanum majorana (L.)) or both - parsley Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) and garlic Allium sativum (L.) Explain why it is important to use Latin binomial names for herbs. It is important to identify a plant correctly, as many herbs have similar common names but are botanically distinct with different active constituents and uses. Plants may have the same common name but be from different plant families! They may also look similar, but have different names. Each plant has it's own latin binomial or scientific name. Determine when to seek care from a licensed healthcare provider. Complementary and alternative modalities do not replace the need for care from your licensed medical doctor, or licensed healthcare provider, for serious conditions. Herbs are complementary to a healthcare program. They do not replace the need for healthcare from your healthcare professional. Never guess at the cause of an ailment. Always visit your primary care physician for a diagnosis. Signs to visit a medical doctor: You are suffering from continual or acute pain. There are sudden, drastic changes in condition, especially with the heart, circulation, or breathing. A remedy is successful but symptoms return when the remedy is discontinued. If a remedy does not produce encouraging results after several days of consistent use. Describe the differences between the various aspects of herbal medicine. Herbal phytochemistry - study of chemicals in plants, object being to determine the chemical composition of a plant, identify plant-specific chemical features, and describe constituents with effects that may be of interest to pharmacology. Phytochemistry is interested in the part, not the whole. Herbal phytopharmacy - study of the preparation of herbal medicine. (Teas to poultices.) Herbal pharmacognosy - branch of herbal phytopharmacy that covers the identification of natural drugs. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated by the body. Pharmacodynamics "looks at the effects of an agent at active sites in the body". Phytopharmacology - also concerned with the chemical constituents of plants, but in a holistic, rather than isolationist model. More concerned with research and testing natural products in humans. Phytotherapy - study of the uses and limits of herbal medicine for particular human illnesses and conditions. Explain the term "therapeutic margin" and its impact in herbal medicine. Most constituents can be toxic at large enough dose, or conversely, ineffective at a small enough dose. Therapeutic margin is the difference between the dose that has the desired therapeutic effect and the larger dose that begins to have undesired or adverse effects. A medicine with a large (or wide or high) therapeutic margin is safer, because it is harder to overdose. Therapeutic margin of a drug or herb is the difference between the optimal effective dose and the dose at which unacceptable adverse effects occur. Describe in general the active constituents contained in herbs that influence the therapeutic actions of each plant studied. Alkaloids - naturally occuring and potent substances. can be poisonous in excessive doses. Generally occur in all parts of the plant, but concentration varies and appears to be the greatest just at the beginning of the flowering period. Mostly used in pharmaceutical industry (atropine, morphine). Glycosides - common in plants, strong effect on animal tissue. Some are poisonous. All have one factor in common - when mixed with water they can be separated into a sugar and a non-sugar. Cardiac glycosides have a beneficial influence on the heart. Anthraquinone glycosides are mildly poisonous in large doses and have a laxative action in small doses. Saponins are natural compounds similar to glycosides, but dissolve in water and produce a soapy lather. Increase the body's ability to absorb calcium and silica, frequently used in herbal tea mixtures. Many veggies contain saponin. Essential oils - generally all herbs contain eo's, but some species have a higher concentration than others. have a strong, usually pleasant odor, obtained predominantly from distallation or cold pressing. Some eo's are antiseptic, other reduce fever and inflammation. Bitter principles - non-poisonous substances that have a strong, bitter taste that are not unpleasant. Taken before meals can stimulate appetite and help begin digestion. Generally used in form of alcohol extract tincture or medicinal wine. Hops is used in production of beer and ale, most famous bitter. Tannins - bind albumen in the skin and mucous membranes and form a watertight protective layer that is resistant to disease. Promotes rapid healing and formation of new tissue over wounds. Usually found in the bark of trunks and roots, occasionally in leaves. Mucilage - sticky gel and forms a layer on the surface of mucous membranes, soothes inflammaton and protects from invading irritants, also has a laxative action and reduces undesirable fermentation in the intestines. Vitamins, minerals and trace elements - plants are abundant source of these essential elements, but only as nutritious as the soil and conditions they are grown in. Some are soluble in water, so they can be used in a tea. Prepare a range of herbal preparations with standard kitchen equipment, including teas, infusions, decoctions, ointments, and poultices. Tea - 1 tsp herb, 1 cup purifed water. Steep 5-10 minutes. Use immediately, do not store. Infusion - 1 ounce herb, 1 pint purifed water. Steep 10-20 minutes, store in fridge no more than 24 hours. Decoction - 1 ounce herb or root, water - 1 pint. Simmer on stove, freshly crushing herb or root material into pot with water, reduce until volume of water reduced 1/4. Strain, store no longer than 72 hours. Tincture - Dried or powdered herb 1 oz, or 2 oz fresh herb, to one pint alcohol, glycerin or cider vinegar. Put in glass jar, tightly fitting lid, shake 2-3 times a day for 2 weeks. Strain, keep in dark labeled bottle in cupboard, will keep indefinitely for alcohol based. List the steps involved in preparing a decoction. method used for woody substances such as roots, bark, and stems that have constituents that are water-soluble and non-volatile. Extract mainly mineral salt and bitter principles. Intended for immediate use - store for max 72 hours in fridge. 1 oz herb or root to 1 pint water. Water in pot stainless or enamel (no aluminum). Cut or crush herb or root and add to water in pot. Do this right before adding, not in advance to keep constituents fresh. Heat on medium - simmer with lid off until 1/4 of fluid evaporates. cool and strain, take in divided doses.