NCLEX-RN Practice exam 5 -/31
Questions and answers
A client is referred to a surgeon by the general practitioner.
After meeting the surgeon, the client decides to find a different
surgeon to continue treatment. The nurse supports the client's
action, utilizing which ethical principle?
1. Beneficence
2. Veracity
3. Autonomy
4. Privacy - -Answer: 3
Rationale: Autonomy is the right of individuals to take action for
themselves. Beneficence is an ethical principle to do good and
applies when the nurse has a city to help others by doing what is
best for them. Veracity refers to truthfulness. Privacy is the
nondisclosure of information by the health care team.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: The core issue of the question is the ability to interpret
which ethical principle is operating in a specific situation.
Eliminate beneficence and veracity next because they focus on
the obligation of the nurse rather than on a right of the client.
-A nurse forgets to administer a client's diuretic and the client
experiences an episode of pulmonary edema. The charge nurse
would consider the medication error to constitute negligence
because the situation contains which element?
1. Purposeful failure to perform a health care procedure
2. Unintentional failure to perform a health care procedure
3. Act of substituting a different medication for the one ordered
4. Failure to follow a direct order by a physician - -Answer: 2
Rationale: Negligence is the unintentional failure of an individual
to perform or not perform an act that a reasonable person would
,or would not do in the same or similar circumstances. A
purposeful failure to perform a procedure would be the opposite
of negligence, which is unintentional. Substituting a different
medication does not fit the description of the situation in the
question. Failure to follow a direct order does not fit the
description in the situation in the question.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: Two options are opposites, which is a clue that one of
them may be correct. Choose unintentional failure to carry out a
procedure over purposeful failure because it matches the
definition of negligence.
-A client asks why a diagnostic test has been ordered and the
nurse replies, "I'm unsure but will find out for you." When the
nurse later returns and provides an explanation, the nurse is
acting under which principle?
1. Nonmaleficence
2. Veracity
3. Beneficence
4. Fidelity - -Answer: 4
Rationale: Fidelity means being faithful to agreements and
promises. This nurse is acting on the client's behalf to obtain
needed information and report it back to the client.
Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm. Veracity refers to
telling the truth for example, not lying to a client about a serious
prognosis. Beneficence means doing good, such as by
implementing actions (e.g. keeping a salt shaker out of sight)
that benefit a client (heart condition requiring sodium-restricted
diet).
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
, Strategy: Use the process of elimination. The correct answer is
the one that matches the description in the stem; that is, the
nurse made a promise to a client and kept it, which constitutes
fidelity.
-An individual has a seizure while walking down the street.
During the seizure, a nurse from a physician's office is noticed
driving past without stopping to assist. The individual sues the
nurse for negligence but fails to win a judgement for which
reason?
1. The nurse had no duty to the individual.
2. The nurse did what most nurses would do in the same
circumstance.
3. The nurse did not cause the client's injuries.
4. The nurse was off-duty at the time. - -Answer: 1
Rationale: To be guilty of negligence, the nurse must have a
relationship with the client that involves a duty to provide care.
The relationship is usually a component of employment. The
nurse did not necessarily do what others would do in this
situation. Although the nurse did not cause the client's injuries, it
does not prevent the nurse from assisting in this situation.
Although the nurse was off-duty, the nurse could have assisted if
motivated to do so.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: Use the process of elimination and nursing knowledge.
The correct answer is the one that recognizes that the nurse was
not in the role of employee at the time of the incident, removing
the requirement of acting on the client's behalf.
-An adult female ambulatory care client receiving an oral
anticoagulant is given aspirin for a headache while visiting a
neighbor, who is a nurse. The client subsequently has a bleeding
episode because of a drug interaction. The legal nurse consultant
Questions and answers
A client is referred to a surgeon by the general practitioner.
After meeting the surgeon, the client decides to find a different
surgeon to continue treatment. The nurse supports the client's
action, utilizing which ethical principle?
1. Beneficence
2. Veracity
3. Autonomy
4. Privacy - -Answer: 3
Rationale: Autonomy is the right of individuals to take action for
themselves. Beneficence is an ethical principle to do good and
applies when the nurse has a city to help others by doing what is
best for them. Veracity refers to truthfulness. Privacy is the
nondisclosure of information by the health care team.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: The core issue of the question is the ability to interpret
which ethical principle is operating in a specific situation.
Eliminate beneficence and veracity next because they focus on
the obligation of the nurse rather than on a right of the client.
-A nurse forgets to administer a client's diuretic and the client
experiences an episode of pulmonary edema. The charge nurse
would consider the medication error to constitute negligence
because the situation contains which element?
1. Purposeful failure to perform a health care procedure
2. Unintentional failure to perform a health care procedure
3. Act of substituting a different medication for the one ordered
4. Failure to follow a direct order by a physician - -Answer: 2
Rationale: Negligence is the unintentional failure of an individual
to perform or not perform an act that a reasonable person would
,or would not do in the same or similar circumstances. A
purposeful failure to perform a procedure would be the opposite
of negligence, which is unintentional. Substituting a different
medication does not fit the description of the situation in the
question. Failure to follow a direct order does not fit the
description in the situation in the question.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: Two options are opposites, which is a clue that one of
them may be correct. Choose unintentional failure to carry out a
procedure over purposeful failure because it matches the
definition of negligence.
-A client asks why a diagnostic test has been ordered and the
nurse replies, "I'm unsure but will find out for you." When the
nurse later returns and provides an explanation, the nurse is
acting under which principle?
1. Nonmaleficence
2. Veracity
3. Beneficence
4. Fidelity - -Answer: 4
Rationale: Fidelity means being faithful to agreements and
promises. This nurse is acting on the client's behalf to obtain
needed information and report it back to the client.
Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm. Veracity refers to
telling the truth for example, not lying to a client about a serious
prognosis. Beneficence means doing good, such as by
implementing actions (e.g. keeping a salt shaker out of sight)
that benefit a client (heart condition requiring sodium-restricted
diet).
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
, Strategy: Use the process of elimination. The correct answer is
the one that matches the description in the stem; that is, the
nurse made a promise to a client and kept it, which constitutes
fidelity.
-An individual has a seizure while walking down the street.
During the seizure, a nurse from a physician's office is noticed
driving past without stopping to assist. The individual sues the
nurse for negligence but fails to win a judgement for which
reason?
1. The nurse had no duty to the individual.
2. The nurse did what most nurses would do in the same
circumstance.
3. The nurse did not cause the client's injuries.
4. The nurse was off-duty at the time. - -Answer: 1
Rationale: To be guilty of negligence, the nurse must have a
relationship with the client that involves a duty to provide care.
The relationship is usually a component of employment. The
nurse did not necessarily do what others would do in this
situation. Although the nurse did not cause the client's injuries, it
does not prevent the nurse from assisting in this situation.
Although the nurse was off-duty, the nurse could have assisted if
motivated to do so.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need: Management of Care
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
Content Area: Fundamentals
Strategy: Use the process of elimination and nursing knowledge.
The correct answer is the one that recognizes that the nurse was
not in the role of employee at the time of the incident, removing
the requirement of acting on the client's behalf.
-An adult female ambulatory care client receiving an oral
anticoagulant is given aspirin for a headache while visiting a
neighbor, who is a nurse. The client subsequently has a bleeding
episode because of a drug interaction. The legal nurse consultant
