MLC SAE3 2023 with verified questions and answers

Define- Mission Command The exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander's intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. This develops the situation and integrate military operations to achieve the commander's intent and desired end state. Explain- Mission Command Further explained, commanders and staffs apply the foundational mission command philosophy together with the mission command warfighting function that guided by the principles of mission command. The 6 principles are Build cohesive teams through mutual trust, Exercise disciplined initiative (action in the absence of orders), Accept prudent risks, Create shared understanding, Use mission orders, and Provide a clear Commander's intent. Elaborate- Mission Command Further elaborated, Commanders and staffs use the guiding principles of mission command to balance the art of command with the science of control. They use the art of command to exercise authority, to provide leadership, and to make timely decisions. They use the science of control to regulate forces and direct the execution of operations to conform to their commander's intent. Mission command as warfighting function is a group of tasks and systems united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions. The mission command war fighting function integrates the other warfighting functions (movement and maneuver, intelligence, fires, sustainment, and protection) into a coherent whole. Provide Examples- Mission Command An example of this would be a Brigade Commander giving guidance to the maneuver battalions to include the artillery elements using the Joint Battle Command-Platform (JBC-P) network system. Define-Understand Understanding is the process of analyzing the operational variables that provides the information used to develop understanding of the operational environment and frame the problem. explain-Understand Further explained, Commanders and staffs analyze and describe an operational environment in terms of eight interrelated operational variables: political which covers their government, political group, and their attitude toward the U.S., military which covers their military and military functions, economy which covers the economic diversity, activity, and employment, social which cover demographics, ethnic and religious diversity, information which covers media and intelligence , infrastructure which covers the transportation and building architecture, physical environment which covers terrain, weather, and natural hazard, and time which covers key dates and their cultural perception of time (PMESII-PT). Elaborate-Understand Further elaborated, analysis develops understanding of the OE and frame the problem which is impeding the commander from achieving their desired end state. Information collection such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) are necessary in improving the commander's understanding. IPB is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and other aspects of an operational environment within a specific geographic area. The four IPB steps are; Define the operational environment, Describe environmental effects on operations. Evaluate the threat. Determine threat courses of action. Define-Visualize Mental process of developing a situational understanding and envisioning the sequence of events in order to achieve the desired end state. Commanders accomplish this using the mission variables associated with METT-TC. Explain-Visualize Further explained, the commander filter relevant information categorized by the operational variables into the categories of the mission variables used during mission analysis. They use the mission variables to refine their understanding of the situation. The mission variables consist of mission which consist of the task and purpose, enemy which consist of their strength, equipment, and capabilities (IPB), terrain and weather which covers terrain features that can affect the mission (OAKOC), troops and support available consist of the type, capabilities and conditions of friendly troops, time available consist of the time to plan, prepare and execute the operation, and civil considerations Civil considerations which comprises of six characteristics which are areas, structures (SWEATMSO), capabilities (SWEATMSO), organizations, people, and events. Elaborate-Visualize Further elaborated, Once the commander has visualized the end state of the operation, he can begin conceptualizing his operational approach. The commander chooses the operational approach by picking the decisive action of offense, defense, stability and defense support of civilian authorities (DSCA). Commanders must be able to foresee future conditions that make the situation acceptable, bring about mission success and leave the force postured for the next operation. Provide Example-Visualize For example, General Buford visualized the end state of the battle of Gettysburg with his staff. Define-Describe Commander visualizes the operation and then describes it to their staff and subordinates commander, and Soldier. Commanders express their visualization in 4 terms that include the; Commander's intent, planning guidance, Commander's Critical Information Requirements (CCIR), and Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI). Explain-Describe Further explained, the Commander's intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired end state. Planning guidance provides broad terms when, where, and how the commander intends to employ Warfighting Functions in the decisive operation to accomplish the mission. A commander's critical information requirement (CCIR) is information required by the commander that directly affect decisions and generate priority intelligence requirements (PIRs) and friendly force information requirements (FFIRs). Elaborate-Describe Further elaborated, PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important. FFIRs identify the information about the mission, troops and support available, and time available for friendly forces that the commander considers most important. Throughout the operations process, commanders and staffs integrate the warfighting functions to synchronize the force in accordance with the commander's intent and concept of operations. EEFI is a critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should be protected from enemy detection. Define (Direct, Lead, Assess) Commanders direct all aspects of operations by Through leadership, commanders provide purpose, direction, and motivation to subordinate commanders, their staff, and Soldiers. In many instances, a commander's physical presence is necessary to lead effectively. Commanders continuously assess the situation to better understand current conditions and determine how the operation is progressing. Continuous assessment helps commanders anticipate and adapt the force. Explain (Direct, Lead, Assess) Further explained, Commanders use the 6 warfighting functions (WFF) which are a group of task and systems united by a common purpose that the commanders use to accomplish mission and training objective-. These 6 WFF are; mission command which enables a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions, movement and maneuver which related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats, intelligence which provides understanding of the enemy, terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operations environment, fires are collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process, sustainment are support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance, and protection are tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. Elaborate (Direct, Lead, Assess) Further elaborated, A commander's physical presence is necessary to lead effectively. Where the commanders locate themselves will help them build a better situational awareness and allow them to make effective and timely decisions. Commanders and leaders use measure of effectiveness (MOE) and measure of performance (MOP) because it is measurable, discrete, relevant, and it is responsive. MOE measures effects to achieve end state. MOP ensures it is done to standard. Define-Offense Tasks conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population centers composed of 4 characteristics and 4 tasks. 4 Characteristics are Tempo (retaining and exploiting the initiative faster than the enemy can handle); Audacity (boldly executing a simple plan by violently applying combat power); Concentration (mass effects of combat power to achieve a single purpose); and Surprise (attacking unexpectedly while the enemy is unprepared). Explain-Offense Further explained, the 4 Tasks are Exploitation (task that usually follows the conduct of a successful attack to disorganize the enemy) ; Movement to Contact (develop the situation and create of regain contact) forms-search and attack, cordon and search; Attack (task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both) forms-ambush, counterattack, demonstration, spoiling attack, feint, raid; and Pursuit (task designed to catch or cut off an enemy trying to escape) Elaborate-Offense Further Elaborated, The purpose of offense actions are combat operations conducted to impose commanders will on the enemy. They are; dislocate, isolate, disrupt, and destroy enemy forces which are what we do, seize key terrain to gain advantage such as hill or strong point, deprive the enemy of resources so that they are ineffective, develop intelligence to gain understanding of the OE, deceive and divert the enemy in order to push them where you want, and create a secure environment for stability task and conduct stability operation. Provide Examples-Offense *ex- pursuit iraq after Kuwait pursuit Define-Stabity Aims to create conditions so that the local populace regards the situation as legitimate, acceptable, and predictable. It attempts to provide secure environment, gain support for host-nation government, promote security, build partner capacity, and provide access. Explain-Stabity Further explained, the stability tasks include the following. Establish civil security - providing safety to the host nation from internal and external threats. Establish civil control - instituting rules of law and stable, effective governance. Restore essential services - stable economy. Support to governance - goal of achieving effective, legitimate government. Support to economic and infrastructure development - transportation, communications, energy SWEATMSO. Conduct Security Operations - to ensure stability. Define-Stabilty Stability is the ability to transform conflict with unity of effort to have the host nation ownership and partner building, reestablish safety, and security. Define- Stability Once a unit moves into the decisive operation of stability it has six main tasks and they are, establish civil security, establish civil control, restore essential services, support to governance, support to economic and infrastructure and conduct security cooperation. Elaborate-Stabity Further elaborate, the purpose of the stability of operations are; Provide a secure environment, Secure land areas, Meet the critical needs of the populace, Gain support for host nation government, Shape the environment for interagency and host-nation success, Promote security, build partner capacity, and provide access, and Refine intelligence. Provide Example-Stabity Example are current situation in Iraq and Afghanistan in an on-going attempt to stabilize the region, we have to continue to engage the populace to improve relationships, improve the structures, and keep ourselves safe at the same time.