FTCE General Knowledge Math

FTCE General Knowledge Math operations addend+addend=sum sum-addend=difference factorXfactor=product dividend ÷ divisor = quotient division dividend ---------- = quotient divisor divide by zero any number ÷ 0 = can't do it 0 ÷ any number = 0 0 cannot be a divisor prime number whole number greater than 1 that is divisible only by itself and 1 composite whole number greater than 1 that are not prime prime factors use factor tree - e.g. 36 = 2∗2∗3∗3 GCF greatest common factor the greatest number that will divide evenly into the two numbers list factors of each then chose the highest one LCM least common multiple the smallest product that is a multiple of each of the counting numbers....factor each/ build a product consisting of each factor used the most number of times it appears as a factor. e.g...24=2∗2∗2∗3 36=2∗2∗3∗3 so LCM (24,36) = 2∗2∗2∗3∗3 =72 1 is neither prime or composite ... rational numbers whole numbers, integers, positive and negative fractions, decimals, and percents whole numbers counting numbers and 0 integers numbers that are either negative or positive and 0....o is not positive or negative rational numbers all numbers that can be written as positive or negative fractions ...rational numbers can be expressed as fractions, decimals, or percents 80%=.80=.8= 4/5 60%=.60=.6= 3/5 40%=.40=.4= 2/5 20%=.20=.2= 1/5 87 1/2% = .875= 7/8 62 1/2 %=.625= 5/8 37 12%=.375= 3/8 12 1/2% = .125= 1/8 66 2/3%=.66 2/3 = 2/3 5%=.05= 1/20 4%=.04= 1/25 1%=.01=1/100 1/100 irrational square roots irrational square roots do not have a number that they are evenly multiplied by...if given an irrational square root to estimate find the 2 numbers it falls between e.g. square root of 41 is between 6 and 7 rational square roots nonnegative number that multiplies by itself to get the number e.g...square root of 1=1, square root of 25 is 5 Is 1/0 a real number? NO...0 cannot be a divisor exponential notation eg...3⁴ = 3∗3∗3∗3=81 negative exponents eg. 2⁻³=½₃ = 1/8=.125 any number with 0 as an exponent is 1 e.g...3⁰=1 -3x ≥ 1 = x ≤ -1/3 (reverse the inequality because you divided both sides by a negative number) Pictograph pictures or symbols are used to represent numbers Measure of central tendency a numerical value that describes a data set by providing a "central" or "typical" value of the data set. Mean the arithmetic average of the numbers. Median the middle number or the average of the two middle numbers in an ordered set of numbers. Mode the number or numbers that occur with the greatest frequency in a set of numbers; measure of dispersion a value that describes the spread of the data about the central value. range the difference between the greatest value and the least value in the data set standard deviation a measure of the dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the data set. The more the data values vary from the mean, the greater the standard deviation. Probability of event E = # of outcomes favorable to Event E/# of total outcomes possible A bag contains 5 tiles, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The tiles are all identical in size and shape. If a person picks out a single tile from the bag without looking, what is the probability that the number on the tile will be even? 2/5 How to write in Scientific Notation 1. Move decimal to the right of the first nonzero digit. 2. indicate the power of 10 by the number of places moved in step 1. 3. Move left= pos. power / move right = neg. power Write 0. in Scientific Notation 9.75 × 10 ⁻⁷ Absolute value eg. -|−17| = −17 Absolute value negatives don't "cancel each other out" Order of Operations hint Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally PE(MD)(AS) Cross products- On a map, the distance between 2 cities is 10.5 inches. 0.5 inches=20 miles. How many miles between the cities? x miles/10.5 inches= 20 miles/0.5 inches = 420 miles Acute Angle Between 0⁰ and 90⁰ Right angle 90⁰ Obtuse angle between 90⁰ and 180⁰ Straight angle 180⁰ Complementary angles Two angles whose sum = 90⁰ Supplementary angles Two angles whose sum = 180⁰ Adjacent angles Two angles that have a common vertex and common side Tangent line A line that intersects a circle at only 1 point Congruent Exactly the same size and shape equilateral triangle 3 equal sides Isosceles triangle At least 2 congruent sides Scalene triangle No equal sides Acute triangle 3 acute angles Right triangle one right angle Obtuse triangle Exactly 1 obtuse angle Congruent triangles Corresponding sides and angles are congruent parallelogram Opposite sides are parallel and congruent Rhombus parallelogram with with 4 congruent side