Ch 15 and 16 study guides Leifer, Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing,

Ch 15 and 16 study guides Leifer, Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, cephalocaudal Ans- head to toe development Ans- an increase in the function of the body growth Ans- an increase in physical size. maturation Ans- the way a person grow and develops , can be by inheritance parallel play Ans- activity alongside another child or children proximodistal Ans- central to peripheral developmental pattern fetus Ans- 9 wks. gestation to birth newborn Ans- birth to 4 wks infant Ans- 4 wks to 1 year toddler Ans- 1-3 years preschool child Ans- 3-6 years school aged child Ans- 6-12 years adolescent Ans- 12-18 years infancy and puberty Ans- two most rapid periods of growth after birth doubles by 6 mo. and triples by 1 year Ans- birth weight usually_____ by 6 mo. of age and _____ by 1 year. kidney function is immature Ans- infants are susceptible to dehydration because Denver II Ans- assesses the development status of children from birth to 6 years of age four categories of the Denver II assessment Ans- personal- social, fine motor adaptive, language, gross motor five factors that can influence a child's growth and development Ans- heredity, Nationality and race, ordinal position in the family, Gender, environment systems theory Ans- everyone in the family or system is affected by each of its members components of family Apgar Ans- ADAPTATION and sharing of resources, PARTNERSHIP within the family, GROWTH or sharing responsibility for the child's growth and development, AFFECTION among family members, RESOLVE to allocate resources to prevent and solve problems. sensorimotor Ans- stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development: progresses from reflexes to intentional interaction with the environment preoperational Ans- stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development: views the world egocentrically concrete operations Ans- stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development: reasoning becomes logical, understands cause and effect formal operations Ans- stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development: develops ability for hypothetical and abstract thought fat and cholesterol are needed for calories and the development of the central nervous system. Answhy are restrictive diets not recommended for infants and young children? One tablespoon of food for each year of age Ans- one guideline for determining the appropriate amount of food to feed children is going to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened juice Ans- What are the causes of bottle mouth caries? eliminate the bedtime bottle or substitute water Ans- what is a prevention measure for bottle mouth caries? one would expect the toddlers to play along side each other, but preschoolers would play with eachother Ans- what is the chief difference between the play of several toddlers (ages 1-2 years) and play of several preschoolers (ages 3-5 years)? bone growth Ans- one of the most accurate indicators of biologic age is flouride Ans- is important for teeth 2 years Ans- Most children are able to feed themselves using a spoon by age: Kohlberg Ans- The theorist known for his work on moral development is : extended family Ans- a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household. 170 mg/dL Ans- Blood cholesterol below which level is considered acceptable in children older than 2 years and adolescents? 2 1/2 years Ans- The nurse understands that primary dentition is usually completed by age: 23 lbs. Ans- An infant weighed 7 lbs. , 11 oz. at birth. What would the nurse expect this infant to weigh at 12 mo. of age? "shiny hair and good muscles are linked to good nutrition" Ans- Which statement would have the most positive outcome when the nurse is counseling adolescents on nutrition? parallel play Ans- The nurse is observing: 6 months Ans- what age to introduce solid foods to an infant at what age? there is a need for further evaluation Ans- A 4 year old child had a low score on the Denver II. The nurse understands that this finding indicates: Alert and energetic Ans- the nurse is assessing the nutritional status of a 6 year old. Which finding suggests the child is well-nourished? "brush your baby's teeth before bedtime each night" "Fluoride is beneficial to the teeth of a child at this age." " Water in a bottle is safe for teeth at any time." Ans- The nurse should teach the mother of a 19 mo. old which actions to recommend best oral care? colic Ans- unexplained episodes of crying and irritability in an otherwise healthy infant creep Ans- self propelled forward movement carrying trunk above and parallel to floor. extrusion reflex Ans- thrusting tongue movements that automatically push food out of mouth grasp reflex Ans- closure of the hand when the palm is touched or stroked object permanence Ans- infant can remember that an object exists even if it is out of sight parachute reflex Ans- extension of both arms when thrust downward in the prone position pincer grasp Ans- accurate and coordinated opposition of index finger and thumb of the same hand prehension Ans- ability to grasp objects between all fingers of one hand and the opposing thumb of the same hand. comfort and relief of tension Ans- how does sucking benefit a young infant? trust Ans- the primary goal for normal personality development during infancy is to acquire a sense of ______ thought process and perceptual abilities Ans- Appropriate sensory stimulation is needed to promote what type of infant development? 11 mo. Ans- feeds self finger foods 2 mo. Ans- should have first DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) immunization 7 mo. Ans- two lower central incisors; begins to crawl; transfers objects from one hand to the other 12 mo. Ans- birth weight tripled; may walk 8 mo. Ans- sits alone, pincer grasp 10 mo. Ans- walks holding furniture; deliberately throws objects on floor 4 mo. Ans- turns from back to side 12 mo. Ans- can place a toy in small container 5 mo. Ans- events likely to occur: Jumps, when in lap of caregiver Infant Death Syndrome Ans- Why should most infants not be placed in the prone position for sleep? weight gain of 4-7 oz. per wk. during 1st 6 wks. a minimum of 6 wet diapers per day for young infants peaceful sleep between feedings Ans- What guidance can the nurse give new parents who are concerned about whether their baby is receiving an adequate diet of breast milk or formula? weight, height or length, head circumference, skinfold thickness Ans- list four assessments that the health care provider may use to gauge the adequacy of an infants nutrition: honey, risk of botulism, inadequate immune resistance to botulism spores until at least 1 year old Answhat food should be avoided until the child is 1 year old? why? 6 mo. , the tongue extrusion reflex disappears, the GI tract can digest more complex foods Ans- what is the current recommendation about when solid foods may be introduced to the infants diet? why? one food at a time, at 4 day to 1 wk. intervals, introduce only single ingredient foods rather than mixed foods Ans- how should parents introduce new solid foods so that an infant's tolerance or intolerance of the food can be identified? trust in the primary caregivers Ans- the priority need in personality development during the first year is to acquire: help parents anticipate their child's changing needs Ans- the primary use of growth and development guidelines is to: pulls self to standing position at 10 mo. Ans- which developmental milestone is appropriate for each child's age in the selection below? supine or side lying Ans- the best position for a newborn to sleep is: prevent disease Ans- the primary focus of regular infant health care is to: soy Ans- a formula often prescribed for the infant with galactosemia is based on: responsive smiling Ans- social development that is common for the 2 mo. old infant is: "fish is more likely than other meats to cause allergies" Ans7 mo. Ans- the parents should make safety preparations prior to the time their infant crawls, usually about age: strawberries Ans- a fruit that should be delayed until after the infants first birthday is : mouth Ans- considering safety when choosing toys for a 5 mo. old , one should assume that all of them will go into the baby's ____ 3 mo. Ans- the nurse can reassure parents that their infants colic will probably not last beyond the age of: