Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Chpt 15

Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Chpt 15 Adolescent Ans- 12-18 Years Old Cephalocaudal Ans- Development proceeds from head to toe Maturation Ans- The total way a person grows and develops, as dictated by genetics Growth Ans- Refers to increase in physical size and is measured in inches and pounds feet and kilograms Development Ans- Refers to a progressive increase in the function of the body Proximodistal Ans- from the midline to the periphery, development proceeds from the center of the body to the periphery Height Ans- Refers to standing measurement Length Ans- Refers to measurement while the infant is in a recumbent position Metabolic rate Ans- Energy and oxygen consumption (higher in children than adults) Nuclear family Ans- biological family, has been the basic unit of structure in American society (mother, father, siblings) Extended family Ans- refers to three generations. grandparents, parents, and children. Dysfunctional family Ans- A family that does not provide for the optimum physical, psychological, and emotional health of the children Adaptation Ans- how the family helps and shares resources Partnership Ans- Lines of communication and partnership in the family growth Ans- how responsibilities for growth and development of child are shared affection Ans- overt and covert emotional interactions among family members Resolve Ans- how time, money, and space are allocated to prevent and solve problems community Ans- defined in many ways, but here it is used to refer to the immediate geographical areas in which the family lives and interacts personality Ans- a unique organization of characteristics that determine the individuals typical or recurrent pattern of behavior Maslow's Hiarchy of Needs Ans- Physiological-air, water, food, elimination, rest activity-the need for stimulation, novelty, change safety and protection from harm love and a feeling of belonging to someone or group esteem-need to respect oneself and to be respected by others self actualization-state of becoming a complete person, fulfilling one's greatest potential cognition Ans- refers to intellectual ability. Piaget Ans- cognitive development that was proposed that intellectual maturity is attained through sensorimotor (birth to 2) preoperational (2 to 7) concrete operations (7 to 11) formal operations (11 and older) Kohlberg Ans- theorist who claimed individuals went through a series of stages in the process of moral development thought to be sequential preconventional (4 to 7) children try and be obedient to their parents because of fear of punishment conventional (7 to 11) children show conformity and loyalty, and they focus on obeying rules postconventional (12 to older) moral values are developed to solve complex problems Erickson's stages Ans- demonstrate the various tasks that must be mastered at each age to achieve optimum maturity Deciduous Ans- baby teeth begins at about the fifth month of intrauterine life Nursing caries Ans- cavities that occur when the infant is put to bed while sucking on milk or juice from a bottle therapeutic play Ans- play techniques are used to understand the child's thoughts and feelings and to promote communication Parallel play Ans- activity in which children play side by side without interacting Cooperative Play Ans- play in which children genuinely interact with one another, taking turns, playing games, or devising contests Competitive play Ans- children at this age start to accept competition with structured rules and highly interactive physical activity fluorosis Ans- discoloration and pitting of tooth enamel caused by excess fluoride during tooth development neonate Ans- birth to 4 weeks Infant Ans- 4 weeks to 1 year Toddler Ans- 1 to 3 years preschool Ans- 3 to 6 years school age Ans- 6 to 12 years Cephalocaudal development Ans- When the nurse notes that an infant can lift her head before she can sit, the nurse is assessing: Personality Ans- A unique organization of characteristics that determines an individuals pattern of behavior is known as: 15 pounds Ans- An infants birthweight is 7 pounds, 8 ounces. The nurse can project the weight at 6 months to be: Previous weight was in the 75th percentile, and present weight is in the 25th percentile. Ans- The nurse assessing patterns of growth in a child would investigate further if: Blended family Ans- A mother reports that she and her husband have had one child together, but both have children from previous marriages living in their home. The nurse will base the care planning on the fact this family type is a: Six teeth Ans- The mother of a 7-month-old reports that the first lower central incisor has erupted. She asks the nurse, How many teeth will he have by his first birthday? The nurse would explain that by 1 year of age, the infant usually has: A dental visit by 1 year of age is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Ans- At a well-baby visit, parents of a 6-month-old ask when to take the infant for the first dental visit. The nurses best response would be: 6 years Ans- The nurse planning anticipatory guidance for the caregiver of a preschool-age child would explain that permanent teeth begin erupting about the age of: 2 tablespoons Ans- A mother asks the nurse how much food should be offered to her 2-year-old. The nurse responds that a good rule of thumb for serving size would be: Well nourished Ans- An assessment of a childs nutritional status reveals the child is alert, with shiny hair, firm gums, firm mucous membranes, and regular elimination. This childs nutritional status would be described as: Dried beans mixed with rice Ans- The nurse encourages a Puerto Rican family to bring food to a child because he is not eating the food served on his tray at the hospital. The nurse would expect the child to eat: A sense of independence Ans- The nurse observes that a 2-year-old is able to use a spoon steadily at mealtime. The nurse recognizes that being able to feed himself is important to the toddler in developing: Working a jigsaw puzzle Ans- To meet Eriksons developmental task of industry, the nurse caring for a 7- year-old would choose an activity such as: A 7-year-old says, I am sick because I have germs in my chest. Ans- The nurse recognizes Piagets concrete operational thinking when: Rice cereal Ans- The nurse has discussed with the mother about introducing solid foods to the 6-monthold infant. The nurse determines that the mother understands the information when she states the first food she will give to the infant is: Wash off the tooth and place it in a container of milk. Ans- When the 8-year-old child comes to the school nurse with his central incisor in his hand and reports he kno