pagina 1
migration crisis
impact
• triggered fundamental restructuring of the governance of
migration in the mediterranean
‣ on international, european and national level
‣ expanded mandate of frontex
- from only bureaucratic function to actual border control
‣ eu - supervised hotspot system
- cooperation with national agencies to get ngerprints and
identify migrants
‣ redistribution scheme
- migrants in countries that receive the most migrants are
transferred to other member states
- mostly voluntary
- very long and di cult process
‣ easo
• transformed the architecture of the global governance of migration
‣ international organisation for migration
- becomes part of united nations
‣ united nations high commissioner for refugees
- protecting the rights of refugees trough talks with nations
• rede ning international commitments vis-á-vis the people on the
move
‣ extending the reach
‣ creating room for weakening protection
‣ global compact soft law framework
- call companies to align their strategies and operations with ten
universal principles related to human rights
- create safe and legal routes for migrants
• governing through the crisis at the national borders
‣ using global panic around border crossings to strengthen
electoral weight
‣ trump, salving, brexit, orban
fi ffi fi
, pagina 2
in numbers
• over 1 600 000 people crossed the mediterranean to europe
between 2014 and 2016
‣ follows cyclical pattern in italy
- numbers go up during summer months and go down during
winter months
‣ greece sees huge peak during summer of 2015
- more than 200 000 refugees arrive in october 2015
➡ more than sum of all refugees arriving in italy
- logistical crisis
• biggest migration ows from 2015 included
‣ around 845 000 people travelled to greece from turkey
‣ 153 000 travelled from libya to italy
• 3 771 people dead or missing in the mediterranean during 2015
fl
, pagina 3
migrant deaths
impact on migrants
• death is a formative experience in protracted and fragmented
migration journeys
‣ it shapes the way migration happens
‣ Implications for migration motivations and decisions to take risks
• practical implications
‣ death of someone means loss of practical knowledge, expertise
and resources
public mourning
• boundaries of humanity are de ned by who we grieve
‣ we are as much constituted by those we do grieve as by those
whose deaths are met with silence
‣ demonstrate the norms by which the human is constituted
• mourning does something more than simply mark the loss of
certain lives
‣ makes certain forms of politics possible while obfuscating others
fi
, pagina 4
examples of action
• lampedusa october 2013
‣ over 300 deceased
‣ italy - led mare nostrum
- search and rescue operations
- 153 000 people saved at sea in 12 months
• malta april 2015
‣ over 1 200 victims in a week
‣ operation triton
- frontex - led operation
- hybrid mandate
- enhanced resources
• death of kurdish 3 - year - old alan kurdi august 2015
‣ germany open - door policy for syrians
‣ peak arrivals in greece
migration crisis
impact
• triggered fundamental restructuring of the governance of
migration in the mediterranean
‣ on international, european and national level
‣ expanded mandate of frontex
- from only bureaucratic function to actual border control
‣ eu - supervised hotspot system
- cooperation with national agencies to get ngerprints and
identify migrants
‣ redistribution scheme
- migrants in countries that receive the most migrants are
transferred to other member states
- mostly voluntary
- very long and di cult process
‣ easo
• transformed the architecture of the global governance of migration
‣ international organisation for migration
- becomes part of united nations
‣ united nations high commissioner for refugees
- protecting the rights of refugees trough talks with nations
• rede ning international commitments vis-á-vis the people on the
move
‣ extending the reach
‣ creating room for weakening protection
‣ global compact soft law framework
- call companies to align their strategies and operations with ten
universal principles related to human rights
- create safe and legal routes for migrants
• governing through the crisis at the national borders
‣ using global panic around border crossings to strengthen
electoral weight
‣ trump, salving, brexit, orban
fi ffi fi
, pagina 2
in numbers
• over 1 600 000 people crossed the mediterranean to europe
between 2014 and 2016
‣ follows cyclical pattern in italy
- numbers go up during summer months and go down during
winter months
‣ greece sees huge peak during summer of 2015
- more than 200 000 refugees arrive in october 2015
➡ more than sum of all refugees arriving in italy
- logistical crisis
• biggest migration ows from 2015 included
‣ around 845 000 people travelled to greece from turkey
‣ 153 000 travelled from libya to italy
• 3 771 people dead or missing in the mediterranean during 2015
fl
, pagina 3
migrant deaths
impact on migrants
• death is a formative experience in protracted and fragmented
migration journeys
‣ it shapes the way migration happens
‣ Implications for migration motivations and decisions to take risks
• practical implications
‣ death of someone means loss of practical knowledge, expertise
and resources
public mourning
• boundaries of humanity are de ned by who we grieve
‣ we are as much constituted by those we do grieve as by those
whose deaths are met with silence
‣ demonstrate the norms by which the human is constituted
• mourning does something more than simply mark the loss of
certain lives
‣ makes certain forms of politics possible while obfuscating others
fi
, pagina 4
examples of action
• lampedusa october 2013
‣ over 300 deceased
‣ italy - led mare nostrum
- search and rescue operations
- 153 000 people saved at sea in 12 months
• malta april 2015
‣ over 1 200 victims in a week
‣ operation triton
- frontex - led operation
- hybrid mandate
- enhanced resources
• death of kurdish 3 - year - old alan kurdi august 2015
‣ germany open - door policy for syrians
‣ peak arrivals in greece
