Static electricity
• Electric charge produced by stationary friction
Current
• Can happen when negatively charged particles called electrons move through wires
• Happens because of charged ions, specifically electron
Early 1700s
• First electrical generator made by spinning a glass globe
1729
• Stephen gray and Granville wheler discovered that electricity can be communicated over long
distances by contact
1752
• Benjamin franklin flew his kite during a storm and succeeded in “drawing off “electrical fire
Late 1700s
• Luigi Galvani’s assistant accidentally made a frog’s leg twitch with a spark caused by an
electronic generator
Alessandro Volta
• Made the first practical method of generating electricity, the battery, or the voltaic pile
• A voltaic pile is made up of stacked copper and zinc discs separated by a briny cloth/cardboard
• The top and bottom of the pile are connected, creating a stable source of electric current that
could be carried by a wire
Hans Oersted (1820)
• Electric currents produce circular magnetic fields when they flow through a wire (oersted law)
Andre ampere (1820)
• Two parallel electrified wires attract each other if the current flow in the same direction, then
repels if opposite
• The force between circuits are inversely proportional to the distance, and directly proportional
to the intensity flowing in each wire
Ampere’s law
Electron-an electrodynamic molecule that carried currents of electricity and magnetism
George Ohm (1827)
• Electrical current between two points are directly proportional to the voltage or potential
difference
, • Resistance is the difficulty of passing an electric current through a conductor
I = v/r; I = current, measured in Ampere, v = voltage, measured in volts, r = resistance, measured in
Ohms
Michael Faraday (1821)
• Electromagnetic motor
• Electromagnetic motor works through electromagnetic rotation made by a circular magnetic
field around an electrified wire
• 1831, electromagnetic induction, generation of electricity in a wire by changing the magnetic
field created by the current in another wire
• Same year, electro-magneto induction, generation of steady direct electrical current in a wire by
attaching it to a copper disc which was rotated between the poles of a magnet (the first modern
electrical generator)
• the electricity made by magnetic induction, voltaic battery, static electricity were all the same
phenomenon
James Maxwell
• Figured out the math behind induction (1855) in forms of differential equations
• Electromagnetic waves travel through the speed of light, and light must exist in the same
medium as electrical and magnetic energy
Thomas Edison
• Light bulb
Atoms
• The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, orbiting the nucleus are the electrons
• Atoms of one element all have the same number of protons, but can differ in electrons and
neutrons
• Electrons are lighter than protons and neutrons, making it easy to move
Ground state of the atom
• Lowest possible energy level, in which net electric charge = 0
1st shell = 2
2nd shell = 8
3rd shell = 18
4th shell = 32
5th shell = 50
6th shell = 14
• Electric charge produced by stationary friction
Current
• Can happen when negatively charged particles called electrons move through wires
• Happens because of charged ions, specifically electron
Early 1700s
• First electrical generator made by spinning a glass globe
1729
• Stephen gray and Granville wheler discovered that electricity can be communicated over long
distances by contact
1752
• Benjamin franklin flew his kite during a storm and succeeded in “drawing off “electrical fire
Late 1700s
• Luigi Galvani’s assistant accidentally made a frog’s leg twitch with a spark caused by an
electronic generator
Alessandro Volta
• Made the first practical method of generating electricity, the battery, or the voltaic pile
• A voltaic pile is made up of stacked copper and zinc discs separated by a briny cloth/cardboard
• The top and bottom of the pile are connected, creating a stable source of electric current that
could be carried by a wire
Hans Oersted (1820)
• Electric currents produce circular magnetic fields when they flow through a wire (oersted law)
Andre ampere (1820)
• Two parallel electrified wires attract each other if the current flow in the same direction, then
repels if opposite
• The force between circuits are inversely proportional to the distance, and directly proportional
to the intensity flowing in each wire
Ampere’s law
Electron-an electrodynamic molecule that carried currents of electricity and magnetism
George Ohm (1827)
• Electrical current between two points are directly proportional to the voltage or potential
difference
, • Resistance is the difficulty of passing an electric current through a conductor
I = v/r; I = current, measured in Ampere, v = voltage, measured in volts, r = resistance, measured in
Ohms
Michael Faraday (1821)
• Electromagnetic motor
• Electromagnetic motor works through electromagnetic rotation made by a circular magnetic
field around an electrified wire
• 1831, electromagnetic induction, generation of electricity in a wire by changing the magnetic
field created by the current in another wire
• Same year, electro-magneto induction, generation of steady direct electrical current in a wire by
attaching it to a copper disc which was rotated between the poles of a magnet (the first modern
electrical generator)
• the electricity made by magnetic induction, voltaic battery, static electricity were all the same
phenomenon
James Maxwell
• Figured out the math behind induction (1855) in forms of differential equations
• Electromagnetic waves travel through the speed of light, and light must exist in the same
medium as electrical and magnetic energy
Thomas Edison
• Light bulb
Atoms
• The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, orbiting the nucleus are the electrons
• Atoms of one element all have the same number of protons, but can differ in electrons and
neutrons
• Electrons are lighter than protons and neutrons, making it easy to move
Ground state of the atom
• Lowest possible energy level, in which net electric charge = 0
1st shell = 2
2nd shell = 8
3rd shell = 18
4th shell = 32
5th shell = 50
6th shell = 14
