MEDIUM
The growth media meant for the culturing of a production strain and the subsequent
production of their microbial cells or biochemical product is referred to as production
or fermentation medium. Designing of a production medium is a problem involved in
fermentation industry. Hence it is a trial and error method. Usually fermentation
media is in liquid state to facilitate fermentation.
Ideal production media should have the following characteristics.
Produce maximum yield of product biomass per gram of substrate used.
Produce maximum concentration of production biomass.
Permit maximum rate of product formed.
Decrease yield of undesired product.
Should be of consistent quality and readily available.
Minimal problems during media making and sterilization.
Minimal problems during aeration, agitation, extraction, purification and waste
treatment
Media Formulation
It is an essential step in the designing of fermentation. The constituents present in
the media must satisfy the requirement of cell biomass and metabolic production. An
adequate supply of energy for biosynthesis and cell maintenance should be
achieved in a production media
C + N2 + O2 + Other requirement + Organism Energy source biomass +
product + heat + CO2 + H2O
According to the purpose of fermentation process, media are of 2 types:
1. Inoculation media: It is used to initiate or activate the growth of an organism
which has been taken from a stock by suspending in a broth of flask of 50 ml
to 120 ml capacity. During the inoculum media preparation, the inoculum must
be added such that it should be 5% of the media volume. Inoculum media is
different from production media; it is simple and is designed for rapid microbial
growth and not for product accumulation.
, 2. Production media: The composition of production media is complex and
depends on the target product of fermentation process. It depend certain
inducible enzymes. Hence certain inducers must been added either in all
stages or in final stage for maximum product accumulation.
Criteria of Ideal Media
1. Toxicity free: The production should be from toxic effects, culture or product
form.
2. Consistency: In aerobic fermentation sterile media has to be supplied to the
media. Liquid media allows the diffusion of air throughout media under
agitation. Fermentation media should not be viscous.it creates difficulty in the
aeration of air into the media.
3. Contamination free: The media should be free from contamination. Certain
condition of the production media is helpful to check contamination. For e.g.;
low PH value in citric acid production using Aspergillus niger keep the
contamination under check.
4. Easy recovery: It is an important operation which effects final cost of product.
The components of media should be separated and extraction of product
becomes easy and cheap.
5. Availability of raw materials: For designing media in large quantity at
reasonable price non synthetic media find wide application. In large scale
production while synthetic media are limited for research studies due to low
yield and expense.
6. Rheology: Considerable variation in viscosity of compounds interferes O 2
transfer, agitation etc. For e.g.; polymers in the media especially starch or
other polysaccharides contributes to the rheological behavior of fermentation.
Chemical Composition
The growth media meant for the culturing of a production strain and the subsequent
production of their microbial cells or biochemical product is referred to as production
or fermentation medium. Designing of a production medium is a problem involved in
fermentation industry. Hence it is a trial and error method. Usually fermentation
media is in liquid state to facilitate fermentation.
Ideal production media should have the following characteristics.
Produce maximum yield of product biomass per gram of substrate used.
Produce maximum concentration of production biomass.
Permit maximum rate of product formed.
Decrease yield of undesired product.
Should be of consistent quality and readily available.
Minimal problems during media making and sterilization.
Minimal problems during aeration, agitation, extraction, purification and waste
treatment
Media Formulation
It is an essential step in the designing of fermentation. The constituents present in
the media must satisfy the requirement of cell biomass and metabolic production. An
adequate supply of energy for biosynthesis and cell maintenance should be
achieved in a production media
C + N2 + O2 + Other requirement + Organism Energy source biomass +
product + heat + CO2 + H2O
According to the purpose of fermentation process, media are of 2 types:
1. Inoculation media: It is used to initiate or activate the growth of an organism
which has been taken from a stock by suspending in a broth of flask of 50 ml
to 120 ml capacity. During the inoculum media preparation, the inoculum must
be added such that it should be 5% of the media volume. Inoculum media is
different from production media; it is simple and is designed for rapid microbial
growth and not for product accumulation.
, 2. Production media: The composition of production media is complex and
depends on the target product of fermentation process. It depend certain
inducible enzymes. Hence certain inducers must been added either in all
stages or in final stage for maximum product accumulation.
Criteria of Ideal Media
1. Toxicity free: The production should be from toxic effects, culture or product
form.
2. Consistency: In aerobic fermentation sterile media has to be supplied to the
media. Liquid media allows the diffusion of air throughout media under
agitation. Fermentation media should not be viscous.it creates difficulty in the
aeration of air into the media.
3. Contamination free: The media should be free from contamination. Certain
condition of the production media is helpful to check contamination. For e.g.;
low PH value in citric acid production using Aspergillus niger keep the
contamination under check.
4. Easy recovery: It is an important operation which effects final cost of product.
The components of media should be separated and extraction of product
becomes easy and cheap.
5. Availability of raw materials: For designing media in large quantity at
reasonable price non synthetic media find wide application. In large scale
production while synthetic media are limited for research studies due to low
yield and expense.
6. Rheology: Considerable variation in viscosity of compounds interferes O 2
transfer, agitation etc. For e.g.; polymers in the media especially starch or
other polysaccharides contributes to the rheological behavior of fermentation.
Chemical Composition
