ALTA Study Guide|2023 LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Dyslexia: An unexpected written language disorder that is neurological in origin. Difficulties with: Accurate/fluent word recognition Spelling Decoding abilities Misread common words, choppy, hesitant Normal intellect Core deficit- Phonological Awareness Dysgraphia- difficulty or poor handwriting 00:01 01:30 Strephosymbolia- Twisted symbols, 1st term used to describe dyslexia coined by S. Orton Phonetics- the study of speech sounds Phonological Awareness- ability to focus on units of sounds in spoken language and sentence/words/syllable/phoneme levels Phonemic Awareness- awareness of speech sounds/phonemes in spoken words Phonics- instruction that connects sounds - letters Phonology- rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language Alphabetic Principle- understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters Cox-Childs Phoneme- smallest unit of sound Fluency- reading with rapidity and automaticity Prosody- rhythmic flow of oral reading 00:01 01:30 Pragmatics- set of rules that dictate communicative behavior- rules we communicate by Syntax- sentence structure ***Grammar Semantics- word meaning Grapheme- a letter or cluster of letters that represent a single speech sound Orthography- spelling of written language Orthographic memory- memory of letter patterns and word spellings Metalinguistics- awareness of language as an entity Guided discovery- method of leading students to new learning through questioning Heuristic- to discover through demonstration Decoding- word recognition where phonetic code is broken down to determine a word Blending- fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units Reading- symbol-sound, grapheme-phoneme Encoding vs. Decoding: Encoding- spelling and writing Decoding- reading Synthetic vs. Analytic: **both- syllable division Synthetic- part -whole, spelling Analytic- whole-part, reading Phonological Vs. Phonemic: Phonological- sentence, word, and syllable level Phonemic- individual speech sounds Syntax vs. Semantics: Syntax- grammar Semantics- word meaning, Examples: Homophones, Synonyms and Antonyms Analytic vs. Synthetic Instruction: Analytic Instruction- *Whole Language, instruction that separates the whole into parts to reveal the relationship of the parts Synthetic Instruction- *Phonics Instruction, instruction that begins with parts and builds to the whole Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Process: Bottom-Up- theory of reading as a process that consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension= text driven rather than concept driven Top-Down- theory of reading where reader uses own experiences/expectations to react to text Principles of Multisensory Teaching: Someone said doing drugs sucks Simultaneous, multisensory Systematic and cumulative Direct instruction Diagnostic teaching Synthetic and analytic Components of Multisensory Teaching: Please sit still making sand structures Phonology/phonological awareness Sound/Symbol association Syllable instruction Morphology Syntax Semantics 4 Components of Language: phonological- sounds semantics- word meaning syntax- grammar pragmatics- rules for communicating