NCLEX-RN Practice Quiz Test Bank
#12 (75 Questions)
NCLEXRN-12-001
Question Tag: mitral regurgitation
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Among the following signs and symptoms, which would most likely be present in
a client with mitral regurgitation?
A. Altered level of consciousness
B. Exertional Dyspnea
C. Increase creatine phosphokinase concentration
D. Chest pain
Correct Answer: B. Exertional Dyspnea
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is defined as an abnormal reversal of blood flow from
the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA). Weight gain due to retention of fluids
and worsening heart failure causes exertional dyspnea in clients with mitral
regurgitation. The patient will usually complain of significant dyspnea at rest,
exacerbated in the supine position, as well as cough with clear or pink, frothy
sputum.
Option A: An altered level of consciousness does not occur in clients with
mitral regurgitation. Physical examination may reveal altered mental status,
tachycardia (or bradycardia if there is ischemic involvement of the
conduction system), hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and cyanosis.
Option C: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the body. It is
found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. High levels of CPK
may be seen in people who have brain injury, convulsions, heart attack,
myocarditis, and myopathy.
Option D:The client feels no chest pain, but may feel palpitations as a
result of chronic atrial dilatation. They may also endorse symptoms
, associated with myocardial ischemia, such as chest pain radiating to the
neck, jaw, shoulders, or upper extremities, nausea, and diaphoresis.
NCLEXRN-12-002
Question Tag: urinary frequency
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Kris with a history of chronic infection of the urinary system complains of urinary
frequency and burning sensation. To figure out whether the current problem is of
renal origin, the nurse should assess whether the client has discomfort or pain in
the:
A. Urinary meatus
B. Pain in the labium
C. Suprapubic area
D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Correct Answer: D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Discomfort or pain is a problem that originates in the kidney. It is felt at the
costovertebral angle on the affected side. Flank or costovertebral angle (CVA)
tenderness is most commonly unilateral over the involved kidney, although
bilateral discomfort may be present. Discomfort varies from absent to severe. This
finding is usually not subtle and may be elicited with mild or moderately firm
palpation.
Option A: Pain or discomfort in the urinary meatus can also be indicative
of urethritis or acute urinary tract infection. In both men and women,
common causes of urethral pain include sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs) such as chlamydia, local irritation from soaps or spermicides, and
urinary tract infections (UTIs). In men, prostatitis isn’t an uncommon cause,
whereas in women, vaginal dryness due to menopause can be an issue.
Option B: Pain in the labium can be due to a swollen labia or vulva.
Chronic yeast infections and bacterial infections can both cause pain that
ranges from mild discomfort and itching to severe burning or throbbing.
, Viral and bacterial infections, such as bacterial vaginosis and the herpes
simplex virus, can also cause vulvar pain or discomfort.
Option C: Suprapubic pain has a wide variety of causes, and can include
pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, and nephrolithiasis. Gynecological
causes are common with suprapubic pain. Suprapubic pain happens in the
lower abdomen near where the hips and many important organs, such as
the intestines, bladder, and genitals, are located. Suprapubic pain can have
a wide variety of causes, so the doctor may need to do tests of vital
functions before diagnosing the underlying cause.
NCLEXRN-12-003
Question Tag: renal function
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Nurse Perry is evaluating the renal function of a male client. After documenting
urine volume and characteristics, Nurse Perry assesses which signs as
the best indicator of renal function.
A. Blood pressure
B. Consciousness
C. Distension of the bladder
D. Pulse rate
Correct Answer: A. Blood pressure
Perfusion can be best estimated by blood pressure, which is an indirect reflection
of the adequacy of cardiac output. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure
can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow, weaken or harden. These
damaged arteries are not able to deliver enough blood to the kidney tissue.
Damaged kidney arteries do not filter blood well. Kidneys have small, finger-like
nephrons that filter the blood.
Option B: Consciousness is not an indicator of renal function.
Administration of medications that can alter consciousness may have an
effect on renal function, according to studies conducted by The Journal of
, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. During consciousness,
maximal renal vasodilation by papaverine or acetylcholine did not increase
UNaV or fractional Na excretion.
Option C: Checking the distention of the bladder is not an accurate
indicator of renal function. It mostly indicates an obstruction or a loss of
tone in the bladder muscles that fail to detect increased pressure exerted
by urine. It is usually associated with pain and the urge to urinate. Bladder
catheterization should be performed.
Option D: Individuals with a high resting heart rate and a low beat-to-beat
heart rate variability have an increased risk of developing kidney disease,
according to a new study by the American Society of Nephrology.
However, it is not the most accurate indicator of renal function.
NCLEXRN-12-004
Question Tag: seizure
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
John suddenly experiences a seizure, and Nurse Gina notices that John exhibits
uncontrollable jerking movements. Nurse Gina documents that John experienced
which type of seizure?
A. Tonic seizure
B. Absence seizure
C. Myoclonic seizure
D. Clonic seizure
Correct Answer: C. Myoclonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure is characterized by sudden uncontrollable jerking movements
of a single or multiple muscle group. Myoclonus is defined as rapid, brief, jerky,
or shock-like movements involving muscle or group of muscles. Among all
hyperkinetic movement disorders, Myoclonus is considered to be the most rapid
and brief. When caused by sudden muscle contraction, it is known as “positive
myoclonus,” while a brief loss of muscular tone results in “negative myoclonus” as
in asterixis.
#12 (75 Questions)
NCLEXRN-12-001
Question Tag: mitral regurgitation
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Among the following signs and symptoms, which would most likely be present in
a client with mitral regurgitation?
A. Altered level of consciousness
B. Exertional Dyspnea
C. Increase creatine phosphokinase concentration
D. Chest pain
Correct Answer: B. Exertional Dyspnea
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is defined as an abnormal reversal of blood flow from
the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA). Weight gain due to retention of fluids
and worsening heart failure causes exertional dyspnea in clients with mitral
regurgitation. The patient will usually complain of significant dyspnea at rest,
exacerbated in the supine position, as well as cough with clear or pink, frothy
sputum.
Option A: An altered level of consciousness does not occur in clients with
mitral regurgitation. Physical examination may reveal altered mental status,
tachycardia (or bradycardia if there is ischemic involvement of the
conduction system), hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and cyanosis.
Option C: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the body. It is
found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. High levels of CPK
may be seen in people who have brain injury, convulsions, heart attack,
myocarditis, and myopathy.
Option D:The client feels no chest pain, but may feel palpitations as a
result of chronic atrial dilatation. They may also endorse symptoms
, associated with myocardial ischemia, such as chest pain radiating to the
neck, jaw, shoulders, or upper extremities, nausea, and diaphoresis.
NCLEXRN-12-002
Question Tag: urinary frequency
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Kris with a history of chronic infection of the urinary system complains of urinary
frequency and burning sensation. To figure out whether the current problem is of
renal origin, the nurse should assess whether the client has discomfort or pain in
the:
A. Urinary meatus
B. Pain in the labium
C. Suprapubic area
D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Correct Answer: D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Discomfort or pain is a problem that originates in the kidney. It is felt at the
costovertebral angle on the affected side. Flank or costovertebral angle (CVA)
tenderness is most commonly unilateral over the involved kidney, although
bilateral discomfort may be present. Discomfort varies from absent to severe. This
finding is usually not subtle and may be elicited with mild or moderately firm
palpation.
Option A: Pain or discomfort in the urinary meatus can also be indicative
of urethritis or acute urinary tract infection. In both men and women,
common causes of urethral pain include sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs) such as chlamydia, local irritation from soaps or spermicides, and
urinary tract infections (UTIs). In men, prostatitis isn’t an uncommon cause,
whereas in women, vaginal dryness due to menopause can be an issue.
Option B: Pain in the labium can be due to a swollen labia or vulva.
Chronic yeast infections and bacterial infections can both cause pain that
ranges from mild discomfort and itching to severe burning or throbbing.
, Viral and bacterial infections, such as bacterial vaginosis and the herpes
simplex virus, can also cause vulvar pain or discomfort.
Option C: Suprapubic pain has a wide variety of causes, and can include
pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, and nephrolithiasis. Gynecological
causes are common with suprapubic pain. Suprapubic pain happens in the
lower abdomen near where the hips and many important organs, such as
the intestines, bladder, and genitals, are located. Suprapubic pain can have
a wide variety of causes, so the doctor may need to do tests of vital
functions before diagnosing the underlying cause.
NCLEXRN-12-003
Question Tag: renal function
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
Nurse Perry is evaluating the renal function of a male client. After documenting
urine volume and characteristics, Nurse Perry assesses which signs as
the best indicator of renal function.
A. Blood pressure
B. Consciousness
C. Distension of the bladder
D. Pulse rate
Correct Answer: A. Blood pressure
Perfusion can be best estimated by blood pressure, which is an indirect reflection
of the adequacy of cardiac output. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure
can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow, weaken or harden. These
damaged arteries are not able to deliver enough blood to the kidney tissue.
Damaged kidney arteries do not filter blood well. Kidneys have small, finger-like
nephrons that filter the blood.
Option B: Consciousness is not an indicator of renal function.
Administration of medications that can alter consciousness may have an
effect on renal function, according to studies conducted by The Journal of
, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. During consciousness,
maximal renal vasodilation by papaverine or acetylcholine did not increase
UNaV or fractional Na excretion.
Option C: Checking the distention of the bladder is not an accurate
indicator of renal function. It mostly indicates an obstruction or a loss of
tone in the bladder muscles that fail to detect increased pressure exerted
by urine. It is usually associated with pain and the urge to urinate. Bladder
catheterization should be performed.
Option D: Individuals with a high resting heart rate and a low beat-to-beat
heart rate variability have an increased risk of developing kidney disease,
according to a new study by the American Society of Nephrology.
However, it is not the most accurate indicator of renal function.
NCLEXRN-12-004
Question Tag: seizure
Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Physiological Adaptation
John suddenly experiences a seizure, and Nurse Gina notices that John exhibits
uncontrollable jerking movements. Nurse Gina documents that John experienced
which type of seizure?
A. Tonic seizure
B. Absence seizure
C. Myoclonic seizure
D. Clonic seizure
Correct Answer: C. Myoclonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure is characterized by sudden uncontrollable jerking movements
of a single or multiple muscle group. Myoclonus is defined as rapid, brief, jerky,
or shock-like movements involving muscle or group of muscles. Among all
hyperkinetic movement disorders, Myoclonus is considered to be the most rapid
and brief. When caused by sudden muscle contraction, it is known as “positive
myoclonus,” while a brief loss of muscular tone results in “negative myoclonus” as
in asterixis.
