Peds Nclex questions and
answers grade A+
Which of the following best describes why children have fewer respiratory
tract infections as they grow older?
a. The amount of lymphoid tissue decreases.
b. Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased
immunity. c. Viral organisms are less prevalent in the
population.
d. Secondary infections rarely occur after viral illnesses. - b. Repeated
exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.
Rationale: Children have increased immunity after exposure to a virus.
Labored breathing is referred
to as: a. dyspnea.
b.
tachypnea.
c.
hypopnea.
d. orthopnea. - a. dyspnea.
Rationale: Dyspnea is labored breathing.
Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in
home treatment of respiratory tract infections?
a. They are safer.
b. They are less expensive.
c. Respiratory secretions are dried.
d. A more comfortable environment is produced. - a. They are safer.
Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, and little
evidence exists to show any advantages to steam.
Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with
an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should
include which of the following?
a. Avoid using for more than 3 days.
b. Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.
c. Administer drops until nasal congestion subsides.
d. Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime. - a. Avoid using for
more than 3 days
Rationale: Vasoconstrictive nose drops such as phenylephrine (Neo-
Synephrine) should not be used for more than 3 days to avoid rebound
congestion.
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an infant with
an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature?
,a. Give tepid water baths to reduce fever.
b. Encourage food intake to maintain caloric
needs. c. Have child wear heavy clothing to
prevent chilling.
d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration. -
d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration
Rationale: Preventing dehydration by small frequent feedings is an
important intervention in the febrile child.
The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify
the health professional if the infant:
a. becomes
fussy. b. has a
cough.
c. has a fever over 99° F.
d. shows signs of an earache. - d. Shows signs of an earache.
Rationale: If an infant with nasopharyngitis shows signs of an earache, it
may mean a secondary bacterial infection is present and should be referred
to a practitioner for evaluation.
It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal
pharyngitis can return to school:
a. when sore throat is
better. b. if no
complications develop.
c. after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
d. after taking antibiotics for 3 days. - c. After taking antibiotics for 24
hours. Rationale: After children have taken antibiotics for 24 hours, they
are no longer contagious to other children.
A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management
includes which of the following?
a. Clear liquid diet for
hydration b. Aspirin to
control fever
c. Amantadine hydrochloride to reduce symptoms
d. Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection - c. Amantadine hydrochloride to
reduce symptoms
Rationale: Amantadine may reduce symptoms related to influenza A if
administered within 24 to 48 hours of onset. It is ineffective against type B
or C.
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is differentiated from acute otitis
media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which of the following?
a. Fever as high as 40° C
(104° F) b. Severe pain in the
ear
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. A feeling of fullness in the ear - d. A feeling of fullness in the ear
Rationale: OME is characterized by feeling of fullness in ear or other
,nonspecific complaints.
, Which of the following statements is characteristic
of AOM? a. The etiology is unknown.
b. Permanent hearing loss often results.
c. It can be treated by intramuscular (IM) antibiotics.
d. It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics. - d. It is treated with a
broad range of antibiotics
Rationale: Historically AOM has been treated with a range of antibiotics.
However, new research shows that antibiotics do not improve outcomes in
children with uncomplicated AOM.
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with AOM. Trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is prescribed. Which of the following statements
made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the instructions?
a. "I should administer all of the prescribed medication."
b. "I should continue medication until the symptoms subside."
c. "I will immediately stop giving medication if I notice a change in hearing."
d. "I will stop giving medication if fever is still present in 24 hours." - a.
"I should administer all of the prescribed medication."
Rationale: Antibiotics should be given for their full course to prevent
recurrence of infection with resistant bacteria
An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing OM. Which of the
following should be recommended?
a. Avoid tobacco smoke.
b. Use nasal
decongestant. c. Avoid
children with OM.
d. Bottle-feed or breastfeed in supine position. - a. Avoid tobacco
smoke. Rationale: Eliminating tobacco smoke from the child's
environment is essential for preventing OM and other common
childhood illnesses.
The nurse is assessing a child with croup. Examining the child's throat by
using a tongue depressor might precipitate which of the following?
a. Inspiratory stridor
b. Complete
obstruction c. Sore
throat
d. Respiratory tract infection - b. Complete obstruction
Rationale: If a child has acute epiglottitis, examination of the throat may
cause complete obstruction and should be performed only when immediate
intubation can take place
Which of the following types of croup is always considered a medical
emergency? a. Laryngitis
b. Epiglottitis
c. Spasmodic croup
d. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) - b. Epiglottitis
Rationale: Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency needing antibiotics
and airway support for treatment.
answers grade A+
Which of the following best describes why children have fewer respiratory
tract infections as they grow older?
a. The amount of lymphoid tissue decreases.
b. Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased
immunity. c. Viral organisms are less prevalent in the
population.
d. Secondary infections rarely occur after viral illnesses. - b. Repeated
exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.
Rationale: Children have increased immunity after exposure to a virus.
Labored breathing is referred
to as: a. dyspnea.
b.
tachypnea.
c.
hypopnea.
d. orthopnea. - a. dyspnea.
Rationale: Dyspnea is labored breathing.
Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in
home treatment of respiratory tract infections?
a. They are safer.
b. They are less expensive.
c. Respiratory secretions are dried.
d. A more comfortable environment is produced. - a. They are safer.
Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, and little
evidence exists to show any advantages to steam.
Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with
an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should
include which of the following?
a. Avoid using for more than 3 days.
b. Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.
c. Administer drops until nasal congestion subsides.
d. Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime. - a. Avoid using for
more than 3 days
Rationale: Vasoconstrictive nose drops such as phenylephrine (Neo-
Synephrine) should not be used for more than 3 days to avoid rebound
congestion.
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an infant with
an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature?
,a. Give tepid water baths to reduce fever.
b. Encourage food intake to maintain caloric
needs. c. Have child wear heavy clothing to
prevent chilling.
d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration. -
d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration
Rationale: Preventing dehydration by small frequent feedings is an
important intervention in the febrile child.
The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify
the health professional if the infant:
a. becomes
fussy. b. has a
cough.
c. has a fever over 99° F.
d. shows signs of an earache. - d. Shows signs of an earache.
Rationale: If an infant with nasopharyngitis shows signs of an earache, it
may mean a secondary bacterial infection is present and should be referred
to a practitioner for evaluation.
It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal
pharyngitis can return to school:
a. when sore throat is
better. b. if no
complications develop.
c. after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
d. after taking antibiotics for 3 days. - c. After taking antibiotics for 24
hours. Rationale: After children have taken antibiotics for 24 hours, they
are no longer contagious to other children.
A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management
includes which of the following?
a. Clear liquid diet for
hydration b. Aspirin to
control fever
c. Amantadine hydrochloride to reduce symptoms
d. Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection - c. Amantadine hydrochloride to
reduce symptoms
Rationale: Amantadine may reduce symptoms related to influenza A if
administered within 24 to 48 hours of onset. It is ineffective against type B
or C.
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is differentiated from acute otitis
media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which of the following?
a. Fever as high as 40° C
(104° F) b. Severe pain in the
ear
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. A feeling of fullness in the ear - d. A feeling of fullness in the ear
Rationale: OME is characterized by feeling of fullness in ear or other
,nonspecific complaints.
, Which of the following statements is characteristic
of AOM? a. The etiology is unknown.
b. Permanent hearing loss often results.
c. It can be treated by intramuscular (IM) antibiotics.
d. It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics. - d. It is treated with a
broad range of antibiotics
Rationale: Historically AOM has been treated with a range of antibiotics.
However, new research shows that antibiotics do not improve outcomes in
children with uncomplicated AOM.
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with AOM. Trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is prescribed. Which of the following statements
made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the instructions?
a. "I should administer all of the prescribed medication."
b. "I should continue medication until the symptoms subside."
c. "I will immediately stop giving medication if I notice a change in hearing."
d. "I will stop giving medication if fever is still present in 24 hours." - a.
"I should administer all of the prescribed medication."
Rationale: Antibiotics should be given for their full course to prevent
recurrence of infection with resistant bacteria
An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing OM. Which of the
following should be recommended?
a. Avoid tobacco smoke.
b. Use nasal
decongestant. c. Avoid
children with OM.
d. Bottle-feed or breastfeed in supine position. - a. Avoid tobacco
smoke. Rationale: Eliminating tobacco smoke from the child's
environment is essential for preventing OM and other common
childhood illnesses.
The nurse is assessing a child with croup. Examining the child's throat by
using a tongue depressor might precipitate which of the following?
a. Inspiratory stridor
b. Complete
obstruction c. Sore
throat
d. Respiratory tract infection - b. Complete obstruction
Rationale: If a child has acute epiglottitis, examination of the throat may
cause complete obstruction and should be performed only when immediate
intubation can take place
Which of the following types of croup is always considered a medical
emergency? a. Laryngitis
b. Epiglottitis
c. Spasmodic croup
d. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) - b. Epiglottitis
Rationale: Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency needing antibiotics
and airway support for treatment.
