Milady Cosmetology State Board Review

Milady Cosmetology State Board Review Bacteria Ans- One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics some are harmful and some are harmless. Direct Transmission Ans- Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands),kissing,coughing, sneezing, and talking. Indirect transmission Ans- Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor,nipper, or an environmental surface. Infection Ans- Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. Germs Ans- Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organs Microorganism Ans- Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size. Parasites Ans- Organisms that grow,feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host),while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. Toxins Ans- Various poisonous substance produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Virus Ans- A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's reproductive function. Cocci Ans- Round shaped, alone Staphylococci Ans- Clusters like bunches of grapes, may not cause infection in healthy humans. Causes pustules, and boils. Streptococci Ans- Pus-forming arranged in curved lines like string of beads. Causes strep throat and blood poisoning. Diplococci Ans- Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs. Causes pneumonia. Bacilli Ans- Short rod shaped. Causes tetanus, lockjaw,tuberculosis, and diphtheria.Moves using flagella. Spirilla Ans- Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Causes sexually transmitted disease, and syphilis. Moves using flagella. Active Stage of bacteria Ans- Bacteria grow and reproduce in warm, damp or dirty places. Inactive or spore forming stage Ans- During this stage bacteria coat themselves with wax like outer shells. This helps them withstand famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. MRSA Ans- Occurs with persons with weakened immune systems or people whom have undergone medical procedures. Signs may be pimples, rashes, boils. Quaternary ammonium compounds Ans- Quats are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon. Formula contains anti-rust ingredients, so leaving tools in solution for a prolonged period of time can cause dulling or damage. (Barbicide) Phenolic Disinfectants Ans- Form of formaldehyde, high pH and can damage skin or eyes. Known as carcinogens. Sodium hypochlorite Ans- Bleach Porous Ans- An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Absorbent. Examples would be; towels, linens, nail files or buffers. Chelating soaps Ans- Works to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. 1 gallon Ans- 128 ounces 5 gallons Ans- 640 ounces Antiseptics Ans- Chemical formulated for use on the skin registered and formulated by the FDA. Asymptomatic Ans- Showing no symptom or signs of infection. Trichology Ans- Study of hair, skin, and glands. A mature hair strand is divided into two parts Ans- Hair Root and Hair Shaft Hair Root Ans- Part of hair located below the surface of the epidermis. Hair bulb Ans- lowest part of a hair strand. It is thickened, club-shaped that forms the lower part of the hair root. Lower part of the hair bulb fits over and covers the derma papilla. Hair Shaft Ans- Portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis. Hair Follicle Ans- Tube- like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. Cuticle Ans- Outermost layer of the hair. Single overlapping layer of transparent, scale like cells that look like shingles on a roof. Cortex Ans- Middle layer of the hair, protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. 90 percent of the total weight comes from this. Medulla Ans- Innermost layer of hair composed of round cells. Common for very fine and naturally blond hair to lack this. Not involved in salon services. Keratinization Ans- Fiberous protein, cells that originate within the hair follicle. COHNS Ans- Five elements found in hair and nails Hair is 51% Ans- carbon Hair is 21% Ans- oxygen Hair is 6% Ans- hydrogen Hair is 17% Ans- Nitrogen Hair is 5% Ans- Sulfur Amino Acids Ans- Units joined together end to end like pop beads. Peptide Bond Ans- Known as end bond. Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called Ans- Polypeptide chain Proteins Ans- Long coiled complex polypeptide Hydrogen Bond Ans- Physical, cross-linked bond that is easily broken by water or heat. Salt bond Ans- Weak, physical, cross linked bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. Disulfide Bond Ans- Strong chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical bond of a hydrogen bond or salt bond. Broken by thio perms, hydroxide relaxers, extreme heat. Eumelanin Ans- Dark brown-black color to hair. Pheomelanin Ans- Red and ginger color to hair to yellow and blond tones. Wave Pattern Ans- Refers to hair shape and strand. Described as straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly. Straight Hair Ans- round cross section Wavy or curly hair Ans- oval to flattened oval cross section Extremely curly hair Ans- flattened cross section Vellus Hair Ans- Known as *Lanugo* hair it is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy. Terminal Hair Ans- Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Anagen Phase Ans- Growth Phase, new hair is produced. Average growth of a healthy scalp is about 1/2(0.5)inch (1.25 cm) per month. Catagen Phase Ans- Brief transition period between the growth and the resting phase of the hair follicle. Telogen Phase Ans- Resting Phase, final phase of the hair cycle lasts up to 3-6 months. Hair Texture Ans- Thickness in diameter of the individual hair strand. Hair Density Ans- Measures the number of individual strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm) of the scalp. Hair Porosity Ans- Ability of the hair to absorb moisture. Hydrophobic Ans- A resistance to being penetrated by moisture. Hydrophillic Ans- Porous hair that is easily absorbed by moisture. Elasticity Ans- Ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking. Hair Stream Ans- hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction. Androgenic Alopecia Ans- Hair loss that is characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted into vellus hair. Alopecia Areata Ans- Autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system. Hypertrichosis Ans- Condition of abnormal hair growth. Ringed hair Ans- alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair hair throughout length of the hair strand. Trichoptilosis Ans- the technical term for slit ends. Trichorrhexis Nodosa Ans- Knotted Hair Monilethrix Ans- Beaded Hair Fragilitas Crinium Ans- Brittle Hair Pityriasis Ans- Technical term for dandruff Malassezia Ans- naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control. Pityriasis captis simplex Ans- Classic term for dandruff that is caused by irritation, large flakes,itchy scalp. Pityriasis steotoides Ans- dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales, mixed with sebum, that stick to scalp like crust. Tinea Ans- technical term for ringworm Tinea favosa Ans- dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crust on the scalp called scatula. Furuncle Ans- term for boil, localized bacterial infection of the hai