Surgery 64 Exam 2 Spring 2023-50
questions and answers-Graded A.
What are the 3 phases of the perioperative experience? - -1.
Preoperative phase
2. Intraoperative phase
3. Postoperative phase
-Describe the preoperative phase - -Begins with the decision for
surgery is needed and ends when the patient is transferred to
surgery
-Describe the intraoperative phase - -Begins then the patient is
transferred to surgery and ends when the patient is transferred
to the recovery room.
-Describe the postoperative phase - -Begins when the patient is
transferred to the recovery room and ends with a transfer to a
clinical setting or to home.
-Preoperative nursing assessment - -- Quick head to toe
- Identification bracelet on patient and accurate
- Allergies
- NPO status (check/ask)
- VS
- Changes since last visit with anesthesia or surgeon
- Jewelry, hairpieces, hairpin, contact lens, glasses, prosthesis,
underwear, piercings
- Denture
- Review of medications, including herbals
- Most recent nursing assessment and plan of care
- Isolation precautions
- Family at bedside
- IV access
- Preoperative meds ordered and given
-When should clear liquids be stopped before surgery? - -2
hours before
, -When should breast milk be stopped before surgery? - -4 hours
before
-When should infant formula be stopped before surgery? - -6
hours before
-When should a light meal (toast and a clear liquid) be stopped
before surgery? - -6 hours before
-When should fried food, fatty foods, or meat be stopped before
surgery? - -8 hours before
-Most common preoperative requirements for labs - -- CBC
- PT (prothrombin time)
- aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
- Chest x-ray
-What does increased WBC indicate? - -Inflammatory process
-What does decreased WBC suggest? - -Virus
-What does low hemoglobin suggest? - -anemia/blood loss
- Impairs tissue oxygenation and reduces the hemoglobin
available to bind with inhalation anesthetics
- May suggest need for crossmatch/blood transfusion
-What does elevated hematocrit suggest? - -May indicate
dehydration
-What does decreased hematocrit suggest? - -Fluid overload
-Impact of imbalances electrolytes, example? - -Impair organ
function
Ex: Decreased potassium affects cardiac muscle contractility,
leading to overload
-ABGs, importance, who especially to monitor in - -Evaluates
current respiratory status
questions and answers-Graded A.
What are the 3 phases of the perioperative experience? - -1.
Preoperative phase
2. Intraoperative phase
3. Postoperative phase
-Describe the preoperative phase - -Begins with the decision for
surgery is needed and ends when the patient is transferred to
surgery
-Describe the intraoperative phase - -Begins then the patient is
transferred to surgery and ends when the patient is transferred
to the recovery room.
-Describe the postoperative phase - -Begins when the patient is
transferred to the recovery room and ends with a transfer to a
clinical setting or to home.
-Preoperative nursing assessment - -- Quick head to toe
- Identification bracelet on patient and accurate
- Allergies
- NPO status (check/ask)
- VS
- Changes since last visit with anesthesia or surgeon
- Jewelry, hairpieces, hairpin, contact lens, glasses, prosthesis,
underwear, piercings
- Denture
- Review of medications, including herbals
- Most recent nursing assessment and plan of care
- Isolation precautions
- Family at bedside
- IV access
- Preoperative meds ordered and given
-When should clear liquids be stopped before surgery? - -2
hours before
, -When should breast milk be stopped before surgery? - -4 hours
before
-When should infant formula be stopped before surgery? - -6
hours before
-When should a light meal (toast and a clear liquid) be stopped
before surgery? - -6 hours before
-When should fried food, fatty foods, or meat be stopped before
surgery? - -8 hours before
-Most common preoperative requirements for labs - -- CBC
- PT (prothrombin time)
- aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
- Chest x-ray
-What does increased WBC indicate? - -Inflammatory process
-What does decreased WBC suggest? - -Virus
-What does low hemoglobin suggest? - -anemia/blood loss
- Impairs tissue oxygenation and reduces the hemoglobin
available to bind with inhalation anesthetics
- May suggest need for crossmatch/blood transfusion
-What does elevated hematocrit suggest? - -May indicate
dehydration
-What does decreased hematocrit suggest? - -Fluid overload
-Impact of imbalances electrolytes, example? - -Impair organ
function
Ex: Decreased potassium affects cardiac muscle contractility,
leading to overload
-ABGs, importance, who especially to monitor in - -Evaluates
current respiratory status
