Adult Health II HESI Questions and Answers Graded A+

Adult Health II HESI Questions and Answers Graded A+ normal PR interval 0.12 0.20 (seconds) 3 5 (boxes) normal QRS interval 0.06 0.12 (seconds) 1 3 (boxes) pt with a 0.40 PR interval heart block takes long for the signal to travel from the SA to AV node heart block (long PR interval) order of heart impulse travel SA AV bundle of his bundle branch purkinje [brady/tachy] CCB, beta blockers, opioids brady [brady/tachy] digoxin brady low __ and __ high __ can potentiate digoxin toxicity K Mg Ca medication given to treat slow heart rate atropine atropine class Anticholinergic the metabolic in metabolic acidosis/alkalosis is controlled by what organ? kidney prolonged vomiting, hypovolemia, diuretic use, and hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis DKA metabolic acidosis COPD, asthma respiratory acidosis COPD [hypo/hyper]ventilation hypo causes CO2 to build up in blood [hypo/hyper]ventilation hypo causes CO2 to be blown off [hypo/hyper]ventilation hyper 6 P's of compartment syndrome Pain Paresthesias Pallor Paralysis Pulselessness Poik(ilothermia) normal ankle brachial index 1 this ABI means that there is not enough oxygenated blood going to the legs 1 a blood test that can be used to help rule out the presence of a serious blood clot d dimer DASH diet [low/high] Na [low/high] Ca [low/high] K low high high meat, green leafy vegetables iron nephrotic syndrome [push/restrict] fluids restrict diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel what is done first NPO IV diet for irritable bowel syndrome low residue (low fiber) diet for ulcerative colitis Low Residue (low fat, high protein, high calorie, *no dairy*, tepid beverages) avoid this specific food group with UC and IBS dairy with old age, blood pressure [increases/decreases] increases with old age, vital capacity [increases/decreases] decreases lucky number with HIV/AIDS ____ chance for opportunistic diseases 200 "i can see you're still hungry" do not challenge alzheimer the administration of insulin has the potential to induce [hypo/hyper]kalemia hypo (insulin excess, especially if diabetic, can cause a shift of potassium into cells) [do/do not] restrict fluids with glomerulonephritis do one difference that nephrotic and glomerulonephritis does not have hyperlipidemia (also severe proteinuria, low fat diet) hyperthyroidism medication this second medication exacerbates thyroid storm PTU aspirin leading cause of blindness cataract (glaucoma is also a major cause) most common type of glaucoma; asymptomatic slow progressive associated with aging, chronic open angle acute emergency situation pupils dilated, increase in IOP, red conjunctiva angle closure this drug can induce/mask s/s of hypoglycemia beta blocker glaucoma hallmarks: loss of ___________ and _________ _________ peripheral night vision initial cataract complaint night glare name of cataract treatment phacoemulsification pain in tragus area is indicative of external otitis (swimmer's ear) otitis media: no ___ travel for __-__ weeks air 2 3 overproduction/poor absorption of lymph, increased volume and pressure of the labyrinth can cause pressure or pain in the ear, severe cases of dizziness or *vertigo*, hearing loss and a ringing or roaring noise, also known as *tinnitus* meniere meniere's disease happens where in the ear? inner ear meniere's disease: restrict _____ salt (means no pretzels, no fluid, no caffeine, no alcohol, stop smoking, reduce anxiety, give mild diuretics) used to decrease vertigo, may cause drowsiness antivert (meclizine) A patient is admitted post lens replacement in the left eye for cataracts. Which of the following positions is most appropriate? A. On the left side with the HOB elevated 30 degrees B. On the right side with the HOB elevated 30 degrees C. Supine with the HOB flat D. Prone B precautions for TB airborne (pt should be isolated) __________ is contraindicated in patients with arterial problems, open wounds or varicose veins traction Administration of ________ acting or ______ acting insulin will cause hypoglycemia if a patient is not eating. They *won't be administered* because they will cause hypoglycemia. rapid short _______ insulin should be administered when the patient is NPO because it controls baseline glucose levels. basal classic presentation with eczema lichenification this lice shampoo should not be used on children due to seizure risks lindane kwell hallmark of scabies night itching two popular antifungal medications diflucan (fluconazole) amphotericin (liver and renal toxicity) method of administration for fluconazole/diflucan IV PO used to test for fungal infections KOH (potassium hydroxide) suffix for antifungal medication zole push ___________ slowly to avoid an adverse reaction known as _________ ________ __________ vancomycin red man syndrome A client is diagnosed with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. What type of isolation is MOST appropriate for this client? a. Reverse isolation b. Respiratory isolation c. Standard precautions d. Contact isolation D precautions for herpes zoster airborne contact eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis rapid cell turnover psoriasis medication that can be used to reduce cell turnover con: bad smell coal tar skin tumor, non-cancerous, part of aging, removed for cosmetic purposes seborrheic keratosis classic presentation: scab, bleed, scab bleed squamous cell carcinoma medication given to boost own immune response interferon squamous and basal, removal layer by layer and go down until no more pathological cells are detected, beneficial with face mohs real definer of kidney status creatinine if BUN is 40 and creatinine is 1 the problem is most likely ___________ deyhdration means fat breakdown ketones (in urine, DKA concern for diabetics) BUN normal range 10 20 average creatinine clearance best indicator of glomerular filtration rate and overall kidney function 125 (mL/min) creatinine normal range 1 1.4 most important patient teaching for bactrim sulfa sun sensitivity (and push fluids because it is associated with uric acid) costovertebral angle pain is associated with pyelonephritis this drug reduces proteinuria ACEI ____ leads to HTN ____ leads to nephrosclerosis renal artery stenosis HTN allopurinol Teach patients to take them with or [before/after] meals and drink a glass of water with each dose to prevent GI distress. Drinking at least __ glasses of water each day helps prevent renal dysfunction. after 8 (A for After) allopurinol is associated with the increased risk of ______________ hypoglycemia People with latex allergy usually have an allergy to foods such as ___ avocado banana kiwi A collection of related health problems with *insulin resistance* as a main feature. Other features include obesity, low levels of physical activity, hypertension, high blood levels of cholesterol, and elevated triglyceride levels metabolic syndrome Parkinson Remind the patient to [focus/avoid] concentrating on his or her feet when walking to prevent falls. avoid promote ____ stance and arm ________ (usual types of walking) for a patient with parkinson's advise the patient to ______ feet while walking wide swinging lift