HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive
System
Missing Teeth - -Permanent teeth missing.
-S&S- Malocclusion (improper positioning of teeth), jaw pain, bolting (inadequate chewing of food).
~Congenital, periodontal disease
Impacted Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth) - -Third molar is malpositioned, preventing tooth eruption.
~Become impacted when they don't have enough room for eruption due to bone structure; adjacent
teeth block eruption
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) - -Erosion of tooth surface causing infection.
-S&S-Mild toothache, hypersensitivity to sweets and temp. extremes
~Acid plaque eroding tooth enamel causing formation of cavity
Discolored Teeth - -Teeth are discolored
-S&S- colors from slight yellow to brown and gray; brown spots, patches
~Age, Smoking, Dead tooth (gray color), red wine, coffee, tea, food, certain drugs, pertussis (whooping
cough)
Gingivitis - -Inflammation and swelling of gums
-S&S- gums become red,soft, and shiny; bleed easily; leads to periodontitis if not treated
~Plaque (sticky deposit of mucus, bacteria and food particles that builds up as a result of inadequate
brushing and flossing)
Periodontitis - -Destructive gum and bone disease around one or more of the teeth
-S&S- end result of gingivitis; pockets form between teeth and gums in ging. that expose the root; plaque
develops; halitosis
~Plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor personal oral hygiene; smoking.
, Oral Tumors - -Neoplasms, benign(noncancerous) or malignant(cancerous), localized or invasive.
-S&S- begin as single, small pale lumps. Benign do not metastasize.
~Unknown cause
Malocclusion - -Specific angles of malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, faulty
bite
-S&S- protrusion/recession of the jaw; teeth turned/twisted out of position because of crowding
~Characteristics inherited from parents; early loss of primary teeth or oral habits (thumb/finger sucking)
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome - -Symptom complex related to inflammation, disease, or
dysfunction of temporomandibular joint
-S&S- clicking sounds during chewing; severe pain/aching beind ears and jaw joints, headache, dizziness
~Bruxism (grinding of teeth); malocclusion; habitual gum chewing
Tooth Abscesses - -Pus-filled sac in the tissue surrounding the base of the root
-S&S- persistent aches/throbs; glands in neck and face become swollen/tender; fever
~Forms when a tooth is decayed/dying or when the tooth structure loss exposes the dental nerve to
mouth bacteria
Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) - -Lesion on the mucous membrane, exposing underlying sensitive tissue
-S&S- aphthous: occur during stress/illness; traumatic: from injury (hot food burn, rough denture)
~No viral cause known. Acute ulcerations- viral and bacterial infections, mechanical trauma, stress, or
illness
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) - -Contagious recurrent viral infection affecting skin and mucous membranes
-S&S- on lips and inside the mouth; tingling and numbness around the mouth precede the appearance
(prodrome- initial stage of disease before onset of actual symptoms)
~Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); recurrent because virus can lie dormant
Thrush - -Candidiasis of the oral mucosa (mouth, tongue, palate, and gums)
System
Missing Teeth - -Permanent teeth missing.
-S&S- Malocclusion (improper positioning of teeth), jaw pain, bolting (inadequate chewing of food).
~Congenital, periodontal disease
Impacted Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth) - -Third molar is malpositioned, preventing tooth eruption.
~Become impacted when they don't have enough room for eruption due to bone structure; adjacent
teeth block eruption
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) - -Erosion of tooth surface causing infection.
-S&S-Mild toothache, hypersensitivity to sweets and temp. extremes
~Acid plaque eroding tooth enamel causing formation of cavity
Discolored Teeth - -Teeth are discolored
-S&S- colors from slight yellow to brown and gray; brown spots, patches
~Age, Smoking, Dead tooth (gray color), red wine, coffee, tea, food, certain drugs, pertussis (whooping
cough)
Gingivitis - -Inflammation and swelling of gums
-S&S- gums become red,soft, and shiny; bleed easily; leads to periodontitis if not treated
~Plaque (sticky deposit of mucus, bacteria and food particles that builds up as a result of inadequate
brushing and flossing)
Periodontitis - -Destructive gum and bone disease around one or more of the teeth
-S&S- end result of gingivitis; pockets form between teeth and gums in ging. that expose the root; plaque
develops; halitosis
~Plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor personal oral hygiene; smoking.
, Oral Tumors - -Neoplasms, benign(noncancerous) or malignant(cancerous), localized or invasive.
-S&S- begin as single, small pale lumps. Benign do not metastasize.
~Unknown cause
Malocclusion - -Specific angles of malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, faulty
bite
-S&S- protrusion/recession of the jaw; teeth turned/twisted out of position because of crowding
~Characteristics inherited from parents; early loss of primary teeth or oral habits (thumb/finger sucking)
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome - -Symptom complex related to inflammation, disease, or
dysfunction of temporomandibular joint
-S&S- clicking sounds during chewing; severe pain/aching beind ears and jaw joints, headache, dizziness
~Bruxism (grinding of teeth); malocclusion; habitual gum chewing
Tooth Abscesses - -Pus-filled sac in the tissue surrounding the base of the root
-S&S- persistent aches/throbs; glands in neck and face become swollen/tender; fever
~Forms when a tooth is decayed/dying or when the tooth structure loss exposes the dental nerve to
mouth bacteria
Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) - -Lesion on the mucous membrane, exposing underlying sensitive tissue
-S&S- aphthous: occur during stress/illness; traumatic: from injury (hot food burn, rough denture)
~No viral cause known. Acute ulcerations- viral and bacterial infections, mechanical trauma, stress, or
illness
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) - -Contagious recurrent viral infection affecting skin and mucous membranes
-S&S- on lips and inside the mouth; tingling and numbness around the mouth precede the appearance
(prodrome- initial stage of disease before onset of actual symptoms)
~Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); recurrent because virus can lie dormant
Thrush - -Candidiasis of the oral mucosa (mouth, tongue, palate, and gums)
