ARDMS ABDOMEN REGISTRY REVIEW 2023
(Answered) Graded A+
What are predisposing conditions associated with Bile Duct Carcinoma
(Cholangiocarcinoma)?
ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, Caroli's disease, choledochal cyst, parasitic
infections
What is the name of the cholangiocarcinoma located at the hepatic hilum?
Klatskin tumor (should be seen without extrahepatic bile duct dilatation)
What are some possible causes of urinomas?
renal trauma, surgery, or an obstructing lesion
What 2 conditions are commonly associated with urinomas?
Renal transplant and posterior urethral valve obstruction
What are the 3 most common primary sources of carcinoma that metastasize to
the adrenal gland?
1.Lung
2.Breast
3.Melanoma
What genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated with a contralateral
UPJ obstruction?
Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
Name 3 abdominal masses associated with the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Metastatic liver disease
Hepatoblastoma
Name 6 tumors associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome:
Pituitary adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumors
Pheochromocytoma
Ganglioneuromatosis
Name 5 tumors associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome:
Pituitary adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome
a familial, autosomal dominant adenomatous hyperplasia
Name 4 tumors associated with (MEN) that can be visualized sonographically:
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumor
Pheochromocytoma
,What are other names for renal cell carcinoma?
Hypernephroma
Adenocarcinomas
von Growitz tumor
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with what 4 diseases?
Adult polycystic kidney disease
Acquired cystic disease
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
Name 4 defined well defined hyperechoic liver masses:
Hemangiomas, Hepatic lipomas, echogenic mets, and focal fatty infiltration
What are the ultrasound findings associated the significant acute pyelonephritis?
Renal enlargement
Hypoechoic parenchyma
Absence of sinus echoes
Name 2 structures posterior to the IVC:
right renal artery
right adrenal gland
Name 2 structures posterior to the first portion of the duodenum:
CBD and GDA pass posteriorly to the first portion of the duodenum prior to entering the
head of the pancreas
Name the structure posterior to the third portion of the duodenum:
Aorta
Name the structure posterior to the head of the pancreas:
IVC
What are the four functions of the spleen?
Breakdown of hemoglobin
Formation of bile pigment
formation of antibodies
a reservoir for blood
What tumor of the adrenal gland is seen as an echogenic mass with an
associated propagation speed artifact?
Adrenal myelolipomas
What 2 tumors originate from the adrenal medulla?
pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
What is the sonographic appearance of Caroli's disease?
Saccular, communicating intrahepatic bile duct dilatation
What other genetically acquired conditions are associated with Caroli's disease?
Infantile polycystic kidney disease
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Choledocal cysts
Define acceleration time:
The interval of time from the beginning of systole tot he initial peak velocity
Define acceleration index:
Derived by dividing the acceleration slope by the transmitted frequency
, What are the 3 major pathologic mechanisms of cirrhosis?
Hepatocellular death
fibrosis
regeneration
What is the classic clinical presentation of a patient with cirrhosis?
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Ascites
What are the clinical signs of portal hypertension?
Ascites
Splenomegaly
Varices
What is the sonographic presentation of gallbladder carcinoma?
Intraluminal mass, asymmetric wall thickening, or a mass-filled gallbladder
What 3 other findings should be investigated to confirm the diagnosis of
gallbladder carcinoma?
Liver metastases
Lymphadenopathy
Bile duct dilatation
What are the sonographic findings associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome?
Hepatic vein thrombosis, ascites, acute hepatomegaly, Chronic caudate lobe
enlargement, Portal hypertension
How is Budd-Chiari syndrome characterized?
By the occlusion of the hepatic veins
What tumors commonly imaged with ultrasound are associated with Von Hippel-
Lindau Syndrome?
RCC, Hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic
cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma, adenoma, islet cell tumor, cysts in general
6 causes of gallbladder wall thickening:
Ascites, Cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, hypoalbuminemia, congestive heart failure,
acute hepatitis
Gallbladder wall thickening ti diagnosed with the wall is greater than what?
> 3mm
What are 5 reasons for and enlarged gallbladder?
Prolonged fasting, hydrops of the GB, choledocholithiasis, Courvoisier GB, diabetes
Name 3 anatomic anomalies that appear as pseudotumors of the kidney?
Column of Bertin
Dromedary hump
Fetal lobulation
What are the sonographic findings of portal vein thrombosis?
Intraluminal thrombus
Increased vein diameter
Cavernous transformations
Spatial relationships for pancreas:
The pancreatic head is ANTERIOR to the IVC
The pancreatic head is INFERIOR to the PV
(Answered) Graded A+
What are predisposing conditions associated with Bile Duct Carcinoma
(Cholangiocarcinoma)?
ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, Caroli's disease, choledochal cyst, parasitic
infections
What is the name of the cholangiocarcinoma located at the hepatic hilum?
Klatskin tumor (should be seen without extrahepatic bile duct dilatation)
What are some possible causes of urinomas?
renal trauma, surgery, or an obstructing lesion
What 2 conditions are commonly associated with urinomas?
Renal transplant and posterior urethral valve obstruction
What are the 3 most common primary sources of carcinoma that metastasize to
the adrenal gland?
1.Lung
2.Breast
3.Melanoma
What genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated with a contralateral
UPJ obstruction?
Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
Name 3 abdominal masses associated with the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Metastatic liver disease
Hepatoblastoma
Name 6 tumors associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome:
Pituitary adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumors
Pheochromocytoma
Ganglioneuromatosis
Name 5 tumors associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome:
Pituitary adenoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome
a familial, autosomal dominant adenomatous hyperplasia
Name 4 tumors associated with (MEN) that can be visualized sonographically:
Parathyroid adenoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumor
Pheochromocytoma
,What are other names for renal cell carcinoma?
Hypernephroma
Adenocarcinomas
von Growitz tumor
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with what 4 diseases?
Adult polycystic kidney disease
Acquired cystic disease
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
Name 4 defined well defined hyperechoic liver masses:
Hemangiomas, Hepatic lipomas, echogenic mets, and focal fatty infiltration
What are the ultrasound findings associated the significant acute pyelonephritis?
Renal enlargement
Hypoechoic parenchyma
Absence of sinus echoes
Name 2 structures posterior to the IVC:
right renal artery
right adrenal gland
Name 2 structures posterior to the first portion of the duodenum:
CBD and GDA pass posteriorly to the first portion of the duodenum prior to entering the
head of the pancreas
Name the structure posterior to the third portion of the duodenum:
Aorta
Name the structure posterior to the head of the pancreas:
IVC
What are the four functions of the spleen?
Breakdown of hemoglobin
Formation of bile pigment
formation of antibodies
a reservoir for blood
What tumor of the adrenal gland is seen as an echogenic mass with an
associated propagation speed artifact?
Adrenal myelolipomas
What 2 tumors originate from the adrenal medulla?
pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
What is the sonographic appearance of Caroli's disease?
Saccular, communicating intrahepatic bile duct dilatation
What other genetically acquired conditions are associated with Caroli's disease?
Infantile polycystic kidney disease
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Choledocal cysts
Define acceleration time:
The interval of time from the beginning of systole tot he initial peak velocity
Define acceleration index:
Derived by dividing the acceleration slope by the transmitted frequency
, What are the 3 major pathologic mechanisms of cirrhosis?
Hepatocellular death
fibrosis
regeneration
What is the classic clinical presentation of a patient with cirrhosis?
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Ascites
What are the clinical signs of portal hypertension?
Ascites
Splenomegaly
Varices
What is the sonographic presentation of gallbladder carcinoma?
Intraluminal mass, asymmetric wall thickening, or a mass-filled gallbladder
What 3 other findings should be investigated to confirm the diagnosis of
gallbladder carcinoma?
Liver metastases
Lymphadenopathy
Bile duct dilatation
What are the sonographic findings associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome?
Hepatic vein thrombosis, ascites, acute hepatomegaly, Chronic caudate lobe
enlargement, Portal hypertension
How is Budd-Chiari syndrome characterized?
By the occlusion of the hepatic veins
What tumors commonly imaged with ultrasound are associated with Von Hippel-
Lindau Syndrome?
RCC, Hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic
cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma, adenoma, islet cell tumor, cysts in general
6 causes of gallbladder wall thickening:
Ascites, Cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, hypoalbuminemia, congestive heart failure,
acute hepatitis
Gallbladder wall thickening ti diagnosed with the wall is greater than what?
> 3mm
What are 5 reasons for and enlarged gallbladder?
Prolonged fasting, hydrops of the GB, choledocholithiasis, Courvoisier GB, diabetes
Name 3 anatomic anomalies that appear as pseudotumors of the kidney?
Column of Bertin
Dromedary hump
Fetal lobulation
What are the sonographic findings of portal vein thrombosis?
Intraluminal thrombus
Increased vein diameter
Cavernous transformations
Spatial relationships for pancreas:
The pancreatic head is ANTERIOR to the IVC
The pancreatic head is INFERIOR to the PV
