Essential Cell Biology Chapter 8: Control of Gene Expression Questions and Answers 2023

Housekeeping Proteins - -Proteins common to many cell types, concerned with basic metabolic and structural functions. -Regulatory DNA Sequences - -DNA sequence to which a transcription regulator binds to determine when where & in what quantities a gene is to be transcribed into RNA. -Transcription Regulators - -Proteins that bind specifically to a regulatory DNA sequence; involved in controlling whether a gene is switched on or off; activator or repressor. Can coordinate the expression of MANY genes. -DNA Binding Motifs - -3D substructure that is found in many proteins; bind regulatory DNA-binding proteins at enhancer/bidning/operator sites; interact with specific sequences of bases, usually through the major groove of the DNA helix. Ex. Zinc Finger, Helix-turn-helix -+glucose -lactose - -Repressor bound, Cap NOT bound; Operon OFF. -+glucose +lactose - -Cap not bound, repressor not bound; Operon OFF. Increased concentration of Allolactose.