PAKISTAN STUDIES NOTES
CLASS X
PREPARED BY: MS. MADIHA & SIR FARAZ
MAJOR INDUSTRIES OF PAKISTAN
SLO 6.1.1 Describe different types of industries in Pakistan
INDUSTRY
The production site of business activity is referred to like the industry. It is a business activity, which is
related to the raising, producing, processing or manufacturing of products and offers services.
TYPES OF INDUSTRIES
1. COTTAGE INDUSTRY
2. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
3. LARGE INDUSTRY
1. COTTAGE INDUSTRY: Cottage industry or home industry means the manufacturing of goods
at home by hand, with small capital and on a small scale that is organized by the members of a
family. Cottage industries are part-time or supplementary occupations. Electricity may or may
not be used as a source of power. Examples are blacksmiths, carpenters, potters etc.
2. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY: Industries which employ manual labour but do not use any
motive power OR Industries which use motive power but have fixed assets, valued at not more
than the amount stipulated from time to time. Its capital investment is less than Rs. 10 million
excluding loan, land and buildings. Besides family labour, about 20 hired labourers can also be
employed.
Following are the main small scale industries of Pakistan: Poultry farms, dairy farms, sports
goods, surgical instruments etc
3. LARGE INDUSTRY: Large scale manufacturing converts raw materials such as cotton, timber,
rubber, copper, bauxite and limestone into manufacturing goods like shirts, paper, tyres, copper
wires, aluminium and cement etc. There is no limit to an investment made and to the number of
workers employed. Through greater automation and standardized mass production, large scale
manufacturing has a much higher output per worker.
Examples: Cotton textile industry, cement industry, heavy engineering etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
COTTAGE INDUSTRIES SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
1. Manufacturing is partially or wholly 1. Run in urban areas with fixed assets which
carried out in the home of the worker. do not exceed Rs. 10 million in Pakistan.
2. No hired labour is employed 2. It hired fewer than 10 people.
3. Simple tools are used with very little 3. Required capital for machinery which runs
, capital on power.
4. Cottage industry usually meets local 4. It meets the demands of large areas.
requirements.
5. They are located in the homes of the 5. They required a separate area for
Artisans. establishment.
6. Carpentry, pottery, hand-woven rugs etc 6. Sports goods, surgical instruments, carpets
etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SMALL SCALE AND LARGE INDUSTRY
SMALL INDUSTRIES LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
1. Industries which employs manual labour 1. Large scale manufacturing converts raw
but do not use any motive power materials such as cotton, timber, rubber,
OR copper, bauxite and limestone into
Industries which use motive power but manufacturing goods like shirts, paper,
have fixed assets, valued at not more tyres, copper wires, aluminium and
than the amount stipulated from time to cement etc.
time.
2. The small amount of capital is invested. 2. Huge capital investment is required.
3. It is a labour-intensive industry. 3. It is a capital intensive industry.
4. Examples are the Garment industry, 4. Examples are the Iron and steel industry,
soap making industry, radio industry etc. cotton and textile industry etc.
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SLO 6.1.2: Locate the important industries on the map of Pakistan (cement, cotton, sugar, iron and steel,
sports good, surgical instruments
SLO 6.1.3: Analyze the factors responsible for setting the industry in a particular area
PHYSICAL FACTORS
1. Natural routes 2. Site requirements
1. NATURAL ROUTES- River, valleys and flat areas are essential for dispatching products.
Railways and motorways made the movement of materials easier.
2. SITE REQUIREMENTS: Site requirements for industrial development are of considerable
significance. Sites, generally, should be flat and well served by adequate transport facilities.
Large areas are required to build factories. Now, there is a tendency to set up industries in rural
areas because the cost of land has shot up in urban centres.
HUMAN FACTORS
1. Raw materials 2. Access to market 3. Capital
4. Government policies 5. Skilled labours 6. Industrial linkages
7. Power supply
CLASS X
PREPARED BY: MS. MADIHA & SIR FARAZ
MAJOR INDUSTRIES OF PAKISTAN
SLO 6.1.1 Describe different types of industries in Pakistan
INDUSTRY
The production site of business activity is referred to like the industry. It is a business activity, which is
related to the raising, producing, processing or manufacturing of products and offers services.
TYPES OF INDUSTRIES
1. COTTAGE INDUSTRY
2. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
3. LARGE INDUSTRY
1. COTTAGE INDUSTRY: Cottage industry or home industry means the manufacturing of goods
at home by hand, with small capital and on a small scale that is organized by the members of a
family. Cottage industries are part-time or supplementary occupations. Electricity may or may
not be used as a source of power. Examples are blacksmiths, carpenters, potters etc.
2. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY: Industries which employ manual labour but do not use any
motive power OR Industries which use motive power but have fixed assets, valued at not more
than the amount stipulated from time to time. Its capital investment is less than Rs. 10 million
excluding loan, land and buildings. Besides family labour, about 20 hired labourers can also be
employed.
Following are the main small scale industries of Pakistan: Poultry farms, dairy farms, sports
goods, surgical instruments etc
3. LARGE INDUSTRY: Large scale manufacturing converts raw materials such as cotton, timber,
rubber, copper, bauxite and limestone into manufacturing goods like shirts, paper, tyres, copper
wires, aluminium and cement etc. There is no limit to an investment made and to the number of
workers employed. Through greater automation and standardized mass production, large scale
manufacturing has a much higher output per worker.
Examples: Cotton textile industry, cement industry, heavy engineering etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
COTTAGE INDUSTRIES SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
1. Manufacturing is partially or wholly 1. Run in urban areas with fixed assets which
carried out in the home of the worker. do not exceed Rs. 10 million in Pakistan.
2. No hired labour is employed 2. It hired fewer than 10 people.
3. Simple tools are used with very little 3. Required capital for machinery which runs
, capital on power.
4. Cottage industry usually meets local 4. It meets the demands of large areas.
requirements.
5. They are located in the homes of the 5. They required a separate area for
Artisans. establishment.
6. Carpentry, pottery, hand-woven rugs etc 6. Sports goods, surgical instruments, carpets
etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SMALL SCALE AND LARGE INDUSTRY
SMALL INDUSTRIES LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
1. Industries which employs manual labour 1. Large scale manufacturing converts raw
but do not use any motive power materials such as cotton, timber, rubber,
OR copper, bauxite and limestone into
Industries which use motive power but manufacturing goods like shirts, paper,
have fixed assets, valued at not more tyres, copper wires, aluminium and
than the amount stipulated from time to cement etc.
time.
2. The small amount of capital is invested. 2. Huge capital investment is required.
3. It is a labour-intensive industry. 3. It is a capital intensive industry.
4. Examples are the Garment industry, 4. Examples are the Iron and steel industry,
soap making industry, radio industry etc. cotton and textile industry etc.
```````````````````````````
SLO 6.1.2: Locate the important industries on the map of Pakistan (cement, cotton, sugar, iron and steel,
sports good, surgical instruments
SLO 6.1.3: Analyze the factors responsible for setting the industry in a particular area
PHYSICAL FACTORS
1. Natural routes 2. Site requirements
1. NATURAL ROUTES- River, valleys and flat areas are essential for dispatching products.
Railways and motorways made the movement of materials easier.
2. SITE REQUIREMENTS: Site requirements for industrial development are of considerable
significance. Sites, generally, should be flat and well served by adequate transport facilities.
Large areas are required to build factories. Now, there is a tendency to set up industries in rural
areas because the cost of land has shot up in urban centres.
HUMAN FACTORS
1. Raw materials 2. Access to market 3. Capital
4. Government policies 5. Skilled labours 6. Industrial linkages
7. Power supply
