Kasaysayan 1
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
MODULE 1 for information, but primary sources are
examined for evidence and context.
SEIXAS (N.D.)
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE:
HISTORICAL THINKING CONCEPTS:
History is not just a list of events, but a
1. Establish historical significance complex mix of continuity and change. Some
2. Use primary source evidence aspects of life change rapidly, while others
3. Identify continuity and change remain relatively constant over time.
4. Analyze cause and consequence Understanding this is key to comprehending
5. Take historical perspectives, and history. Continuity and change can be
6. Understand the ethical dimension of evaluated by comparing different points in
historical interpretations. time or between the past and present.
Judgments of continuity and change are made
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: using the ideas of progress and decline.
Students who see history as a list of events may
The past is everything that happened to miss important nuances of the past.
anyone, and it's impossible to remember it all.
To determine what's worth remembering, we CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCE:
consider events that caused significant change
over long periods of time for large numbers of When examining events in history, we often
people. However, significance also depends on ask how and why they happened, which leads
perspective and purpose, and historians can us to search for their causes. In history, human
make an event or person significant by linking agency is important, and people play a role in
it to larger trends and stories that reveal shaping and resisting change. However, causes
something important today. Simply being in a are complex and go beyond individual
history book or being of personal interest is motivations and actions. Causes are often
not enough to determine historical multiple and layered, involving long-term
significance. ideologies, institutions, and conditions, as well
as short-term motivations, actions, and events.
PRIMARY SOURCE EVIDENCE: The causes of an event may differ depending
on the historian's approach and the scale of the
Historical documents and records are primary history being studied.
sources that can reveal secrets of the past to
historians. Reading them for evidence requires HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
a different approach than reading for
information, as seen in the difference between “The past is a foreign country” means that the
a phone book and a boot print at a murder past is difficult to understand because it is
scene. Primary sources must be read in their fundamentally different from the present. It is
historical context, and inferences can be made challenging to imagine what life was like for
to understand what was happening at the time people in the past, especially those from a
they were created. History textbooks are used different culture and period. However, trying
, Kasaysayan 1
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
to understand the past can help us see and neglects the contributions of indigenous
alternative perspectives and evaluate our Filipinos and their cultures.
current preoccupations. Understanding Ø The author suggests that a new
historical perspective requires comprehending approach to history should include a focus on
the social, cultural, intellectual, and “kalikasan” or nature, as the environment has
emotional contexts that influenced people's played a significant role in shaping Filipino
actions and beliefs. It also involves history and culture.
recognizing the vast differences between us in Ø The author also advocates for a greater
the present and those in the past. emphasis on “kaparaanan” or agency,
highlighting the importance of individual and
ETHICAL DIMENSIONS collective actions in shaping historical events.
Ø In addition, the author discusses the
The ethical dimension of history involves both importance of “pagsasakasaysayan” or
the responsibilities we have towards historical historical interpretation, arguing that history
crimes and sacrifices, and the ethical is not just a collection of facts but rather a
judgments we make about historical actions. complex narrative that requires
While taking historical perspective demands interpretation.
that we understand the differences between our Ø The author suggests that a new
ethical universe and those of the past, approach to history education should include
meaningful history does not treat brutal a greater emphasis on critical thinking and
slaveholders, enthusiastic Nazis, and analysis, as well as an appreciation for the
marauding conquistadors in a neutral manner. diversity of Filipino experiences and
Historians attempt to hold back on explicit perspectives.
ethical judgments about actors amid their Ø Finally, the author argues that a new
accounts, but if the story is meaningful, then history should not only be rooted in Filipino
there is an ethical judgment involved, and we culture but should also engage with global
should expect to learn something from the perspectives and issues.
past that helps us face the ethical issues of
today. LECTURE SLIDES
BAGONG KASAYSAYAN SA WIKANG Abrera (1993) talked about “traditional
FILIPINO: KALIKASAN, history,” which is basically when we study the
KAPARAANAN, AT past and the events that happened in the past.
PAGSASAKASAYSAYAN BY ARTHUR M. It's based on Western experiences and their
NAVARRO characteristics, which means it often focuses
on political history and the people who ruled
Ø The article discusses the need for a society.
“new history” or “bagong kasaysayan” that is
rooted in the Filipino language and culture. But the most important thing is that it relies
Ø The author argues that the current heavily on written documents as the main
history taught in schools is often Eurocentric source of information. So, we look at things
, Kasaysayan 1
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
like letters, diaries, and official records to unwritten sources of information or evidence
learn about what happened in the past. that historians use to understand and interpret
“Bagong Kasaysayan” is a term in Philippine the past.
historiography that literally translates to
“New History” in English. It refers to a “Nakasulat na batis” or written sources of
movement in the study of Philippine history information refer to primary sources, such as
that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, which official documents, personal letters, diaries,
aimed to challenge and move beyond the government records, and newspapers. These
limitations and biases of traditional historical are important sources of information because
approaches that tended to focus on political they provide direct evidence of events, people,
history and elite perspectives. and places.
Bagong Kasaysayan sought to explore and On the other hand, “Di-nakasulat na batis” or
emphasize the role and experiences of unwritten sources of information refer to
ordinary Filipinos, particularly those who secondary sources, such as oral traditions,
were marginalized or underrepresented in the folklore, myths, and legends. These sources
dominant historical narrative. This new are passed down from one generation to
approach to Philippine history also sought to another and can provide valuable insights into
integrate interdisciplinary perspectives and the culture and beliefs of a particular society
methodologies, such as anthropology, or community.
sociology, and cultural studies, to provide a
more comprehensive and nuanced Both written and unwritten sources of
understanding of Philippine society and information are important in studying history
culture. because they provide different perspectives and
insights into the past. Historians use both
Bagong Kasaysayan also aimed to use history types of sources to corroborate and verify
as a tool for social critique and change, and to information, as well as to gain a more complete
promote a sense of national consciousness and and nuanced understanding of the past.
identity rooted in the experiences and
struggles of ordinary Filipinos. Today, the
principles and perspectives of Bagong
Kasaysayan continue to influence the study
and interpretation of Philippine history,
particularly in the areas of social history,
gender studies, and cultural studies.
TLDR: Kasaysayan is native to the culture
and psyche of Filipinos while History revolves
around the western perspective.
“Nakasulat at di-nakasulat na batis” is a
concept in history that refers to written and
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
MODULE 1 for information, but primary sources are
examined for evidence and context.
SEIXAS (N.D.)
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE:
HISTORICAL THINKING CONCEPTS:
History is not just a list of events, but a
1. Establish historical significance complex mix of continuity and change. Some
2. Use primary source evidence aspects of life change rapidly, while others
3. Identify continuity and change remain relatively constant over time.
4. Analyze cause and consequence Understanding this is key to comprehending
5. Take historical perspectives, and history. Continuity and change can be
6. Understand the ethical dimension of evaluated by comparing different points in
historical interpretations. time or between the past and present.
Judgments of continuity and change are made
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: using the ideas of progress and decline.
Students who see history as a list of events may
The past is everything that happened to miss important nuances of the past.
anyone, and it's impossible to remember it all.
To determine what's worth remembering, we CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCE:
consider events that caused significant change
over long periods of time for large numbers of When examining events in history, we often
people. However, significance also depends on ask how and why they happened, which leads
perspective and purpose, and historians can us to search for their causes. In history, human
make an event or person significant by linking agency is important, and people play a role in
it to larger trends and stories that reveal shaping and resisting change. However, causes
something important today. Simply being in a are complex and go beyond individual
history book or being of personal interest is motivations and actions. Causes are often
not enough to determine historical multiple and layered, involving long-term
significance. ideologies, institutions, and conditions, as well
as short-term motivations, actions, and events.
PRIMARY SOURCE EVIDENCE: The causes of an event may differ depending
on the historian's approach and the scale of the
Historical documents and records are primary history being studied.
sources that can reveal secrets of the past to
historians. Reading them for evidence requires HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
a different approach than reading for
information, as seen in the difference between “The past is a foreign country” means that the
a phone book and a boot print at a murder past is difficult to understand because it is
scene. Primary sources must be read in their fundamentally different from the present. It is
historical context, and inferences can be made challenging to imagine what life was like for
to understand what was happening at the time people in the past, especially those from a
they were created. History textbooks are used different culture and period. However, trying
, Kasaysayan 1
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
to understand the past can help us see and neglects the contributions of indigenous
alternative perspectives and evaluate our Filipinos and their cultures.
current preoccupations. Understanding Ø The author suggests that a new
historical perspective requires comprehending approach to history should include a focus on
the social, cultural, intellectual, and “kalikasan” or nature, as the environment has
emotional contexts that influenced people's played a significant role in shaping Filipino
actions and beliefs. It also involves history and culture.
recognizing the vast differences between us in Ø The author also advocates for a greater
the present and those in the past. emphasis on “kaparaanan” or agency,
highlighting the importance of individual and
ETHICAL DIMENSIONS collective actions in shaping historical events.
Ø In addition, the author discusses the
The ethical dimension of history involves both importance of “pagsasakasaysayan” or
the responsibilities we have towards historical historical interpretation, arguing that history
crimes and sacrifices, and the ethical is not just a collection of facts but rather a
judgments we make about historical actions. complex narrative that requires
While taking historical perspective demands interpretation.
that we understand the differences between our Ø The author suggests that a new
ethical universe and those of the past, approach to history education should include
meaningful history does not treat brutal a greater emphasis on critical thinking and
slaveholders, enthusiastic Nazis, and analysis, as well as an appreciation for the
marauding conquistadors in a neutral manner. diversity of Filipino experiences and
Historians attempt to hold back on explicit perspectives.
ethical judgments about actors amid their Ø Finally, the author argues that a new
accounts, but if the story is meaningful, then history should not only be rooted in Filipino
there is an ethical judgment involved, and we culture but should also engage with global
should expect to learn something from the perspectives and issues.
past that helps us face the ethical issues of
today. LECTURE SLIDES
BAGONG KASAYSAYAN SA WIKANG Abrera (1993) talked about “traditional
FILIPINO: KALIKASAN, history,” which is basically when we study the
KAPARAANAN, AT past and the events that happened in the past.
PAGSASAKASAYSAYAN BY ARTHUR M. It's based on Western experiences and their
NAVARRO characteristics, which means it often focuses
on political history and the people who ruled
Ø The article discusses the need for a society.
“new history” or “bagong kasaysayan” that is
rooted in the Filipino language and culture. But the most important thing is that it relies
Ø The author argues that the current heavily on written documents as the main
history taught in schools is often Eurocentric source of information. So, we look at things
, Kasaysayan 1
nd
2 semester, a.y. 2022-2023
like letters, diaries, and official records to unwritten sources of information or evidence
learn about what happened in the past. that historians use to understand and interpret
“Bagong Kasaysayan” is a term in Philippine the past.
historiography that literally translates to
“New History” in English. It refers to a “Nakasulat na batis” or written sources of
movement in the study of Philippine history information refer to primary sources, such as
that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, which official documents, personal letters, diaries,
aimed to challenge and move beyond the government records, and newspapers. These
limitations and biases of traditional historical are important sources of information because
approaches that tended to focus on political they provide direct evidence of events, people,
history and elite perspectives. and places.
Bagong Kasaysayan sought to explore and On the other hand, “Di-nakasulat na batis” or
emphasize the role and experiences of unwritten sources of information refer to
ordinary Filipinos, particularly those who secondary sources, such as oral traditions,
were marginalized or underrepresented in the folklore, myths, and legends. These sources
dominant historical narrative. This new are passed down from one generation to
approach to Philippine history also sought to another and can provide valuable insights into
integrate interdisciplinary perspectives and the culture and beliefs of a particular society
methodologies, such as anthropology, or community.
sociology, and cultural studies, to provide a
more comprehensive and nuanced Both written and unwritten sources of
understanding of Philippine society and information are important in studying history
culture. because they provide different perspectives and
insights into the past. Historians use both
Bagong Kasaysayan also aimed to use history types of sources to corroborate and verify
as a tool for social critique and change, and to information, as well as to gain a more complete
promote a sense of national consciousness and and nuanced understanding of the past.
identity rooted in the experiences and
struggles of ordinary Filipinos. Today, the
principles and perspectives of Bagong
Kasaysayan continue to influence the study
and interpretation of Philippine history,
particularly in the areas of social history,
gender studies, and cultural studies.
TLDR: Kasaysayan is native to the culture
and psyche of Filipinos while History revolves
around the western perspective.
“Nakasulat at di-nakasulat na batis” is a
concept in history that refers to written and
