1. Name two types of DNA that are commonly inserted into vectors to make libraries.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
2. Give three characteristics of restriction enzymes.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)
3. The diagram below shows the Sanger dideoxy sequencing process.
template
A
B
a) Name the enzyme which elongates the DNA chain in step A
…………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)
1
, b) In addition to the template DNA, what two components are required for initiation and continued
elongation of the DNA strand?
……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….
(2 marks)
c) Explain why synthesis of the DNA chains on the right of the diagram is terminated.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
d) What is the function of the device labelled B?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
4. Why is Taq polymerase used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR?)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
5. What is meant by “codon bias”?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
6. Give two reasons why foreign proteins are often expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
7. The process of ………………………………………………. (illustrated below) is commercially important
because it allows individual plant ………………………………………………… to be propagated where other
methods of propagation are difficult.
2
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
2. Give three characteristics of restriction enzymes.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)
3. The diagram below shows the Sanger dideoxy sequencing process.
template
A
B
a) Name the enzyme which elongates the DNA chain in step A
…………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)
1
, b) In addition to the template DNA, what two components are required for initiation and continued
elongation of the DNA strand?
……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….
(2 marks)
c) Explain why synthesis of the DNA chains on the right of the diagram is terminated.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
d) What is the function of the device labelled B?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
4. Why is Taq polymerase used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR?)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
5. What is meant by “codon bias”?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
6. Give two reasons why foreign proteins are often expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)
7. The process of ………………………………………………. (illustrated below) is commercially important
because it allows individual plant ………………………………………………… to be propagated where other
methods of propagation are difficult.
2
