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Anatomy of the Eye: Overview In this video, we will look at the anatomy of the eye. Let's begin with a cross-section of the eyeball. The wall is made up of three layers: the fibrous sclera, the cornea, and the inner layer, the retina, which contains the photoreceptors, the rods, and the cones. The retina captures images through the photoreceptors and sends them along nerve fibers that travel through the optic disk and form the optic nerve, which is your cranial nerve number two. Other structures that pass the optic disk are the retinal arteries and the retinal veins. The space anterior to the lens is known as the anterior cavity, and the posterior cavity, as I mentioned earlier, contains the vitreous humor. The posterior cavity is separated from the lens by the lens, and the anterior cavity contains the lens and is separated by the anterior cavity. The posterior cavity contains the vitreous humor, which occupies the posterior cavities of the eye. We will learn about the anterior cavities next, but before going into the anterior cavities, let's talk about the uvea. The uvea is composed of the choroid, ciliary bodies, and the iris. The iris is the color bit of your eye, and it contains muscles that contract or relax and is responsible for how big your pupil is and, thus, how much light is entering your eye or hitting your retina. The ciliary bodies are responsible for the shape of the lens. We will learn about the anterior cavity next. The anterior cavity contains a fluid called the aqueous humor, which carries nutrients for the anterior structures of the eye. The iris contains a lot of cones, which are a particular type of photoreceptor, and the fovea is the central pit of the uvea and is composed of closely packed cones. The photoreceptors capture the images that are sent to the optic nerve and then to the brain. The nerves are responsible for light passing through the eye, and they are stimulated by the parasympathetic nerves, which cause people's areas to dilate, and the sympathetic nerves, which are responsible for the muscles being dilated. The ability to adjust the strength of the lens is known as accommodation. The ability to constrict the lens is called accommodative power. There is a condition, however, where the lens changes with age. This is called presbyopia, and it results in a reduced ability to accommodate. Thus, light is refracted everywhere, and vision becomes blurry.