Cosmetology state board 2023 with verified questions and answers

Trichology Study of hair Hair root and hair shaft A mature strand of human hair is divided into two principal parts known as the hair follicle a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair hair bulb Lowest part of the hair strand dermal papilla A small, cone-shaped area at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb sebaceous glands secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis arrector pili smooth muscle attached to follicle, responsible for "goose bumps" Nine Of the 20 amino acids that make up hair, a person must obtain this many of the essential amino acids from daily diet The cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla The three main layers of the hair shaft are Melanin A pigment that gives the skin and hair its color Protein As newly formed cells, mature, they fill up with this fibrous white, then, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die. 51 The percent of the element carbon in normal hair 21 The percent of oxygen in normal hair Sulfur In the make up of normal human hair, what COHNS element is present in the lowest percentage peptide bond The chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other is called salt bond In the cortex, a side bond that is easily broken by strong, alkaline, or acidic solution Melanin The cortex contains coloring matter in the form of mini grains of this or pigment red/ginger Pheomelanin provides natural hair colors from___to yellow and blonde tones Wave patterns The shape of a hair strand, described as straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly, is known as vellus hair Short, fine, Downey unpigmented hair is known as Eyelids What place on the body would normally include vellus hair Terminal hair Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Antigen, catagen, and telegen All hair follicles have the same structure and cycle through the same three phases, which are Beau's lines Depressions running across the width of the nail plate or known as onychocryptosis(ingrown toe nail) Can't be preformed on in the salom Onychophagy Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate., sage to work one in the salon. Onychorrhexis Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate. pterygium Stretching of the skin by the nail plate. Bacterial inflammation Paronychia, which affects the tissues surrounding the nail, is Bacteria Nail disorders, formally, called molds, characterized by discoloration between the nail plate in the artificial nails, or actually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa A bacterium that can cause nail infections when artificial products such as tips and wraps are applied under unclean conditions Pyogenic granuloma A lump of red tissue growing up from the nail bed to the nail plate onychocryptosis ingrown nail Onyx Technical term for nails 15%-25% What percentage of the nail is made up of water? Cuticle, nail folds, hyponychium, hyponychium, and free edge The nail unit consists of basic parts, which are the nail bed, matrix, nail plate, and nail plate Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit. Bed epithelium Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed Eponychium Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area seborrheic dermatitis Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness. eczema noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching chloasma a condition characterized by increased pigmentation of the skin, and spots that are not Elevated, and often occurring on the face Lentigines Technical term for freckles leukoderma Light abnormal patches caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells Nevus birthmark papillary layer The underlining or inner layer of the skin that is also called the corium, cutis, or true skin subcutaneous The fatty layer found beneath the dermis sensory nerves The nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, heat, cold, pain, and other modalities from the body to the central nervous system. sudoriferous and sebaceous glands Skin contains two types of Dr. glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances are called tube-like Sweat glands consist of a coiled base and a ____ duct that terminates at the skin surface to form the sweat pore. Excretion, secretion, and absorption The principle functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation,: Physiology The study of body function Protoplasm A colorless, jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present. Cytoplasm The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell Mitosis Process by which cells reproduce by divided into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as Tissues Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function connective tissue Tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body are called adipose tissue What type of tissue protects and insulates the body? epithelial tissue What is the protective covering on the body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or linings of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands? Organs Structures of the body that perform specific functions Systems Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions are known as Organism Body systems are arranged to form a eight The cranium is made up of how many bones? ethmoid bone The light spongy bone between the eyesockets Maxillae Bones of the upper jaw Humerus bone of the upper arm Origin, insertion, and belly The three parts of a muscle are the epicranial aponeurosis Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles Platysma Abroad muscle, that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin, and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip Sternocleidomastoideus the muscle that rotates and lowers the head. 40 to 50% Muscles represent about this percent of the body's total weight Corrugator The muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically Procerus Covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose. Buccinator The thing, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips Risorius Draws corner of mouth laterally Supinators The muscles that turn the radius out word in the palm upward Abductors Muscles that separate the fingers extensor digitorum longus The muscle that runs the foot up and extends the toes radial The sensory motor nerve, that, with its branches, supplies, the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand sural nerve The nerve that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg Cardiovascular Another name for the circulatory system Arteries Thick walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Capillaries Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that bring nutrients to the cells in carry away waste materials Veins Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that contain couple like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward are called 80% Percentage of water in the blood internal carotid artery Which artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, & internal ear Pituitary What gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body Thyroid What gland controls how quickly energy is burned Estrogen The primary hormone produced by the female reproductive system Monomer liquid and polymer powder Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from the ___ family. Monomers Light cured gels contain this which are liquids UV gels Urethane acrylate and urethane methacrylates are used in making low pH These relaxers are intended for use on color, treated, damage, or fine hair Lye relaxer's Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called this Base and no base Hydroxide relaxers are usually sold in these formulas Sodium Hydroxide This is a general type of hair relaxer, that does not require pre-shampooing semi-permanent Keratin strengthening treatments work by fixing the creatinine place of a "blank" Manor; they do not break bonds Soft girl, permanent What is a Theo best chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves? Peptide Chemical bonds I join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. Are these kind of bonds amino acids I keratin proteins are made of long chains of _____, linked together, end to end like beards waving lotion The chemical action of this breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called reduction Unity Harmony is the creation of blank in a design, holding all elements together 1.5. The oval face is about blank times longer than its width across the bow. length When styling hair for a white face with the round hairline in round chin, the aim is to create the illusion of blank width at the forehead When styling hair for a triangular- shaped face, the aim is to create the illusion of: close-set eyes A slight lightening of the hair at the corner of the eyes will give the illusion of width for: diagonal What type of part should be used to give hight a round or square face, and width to a long, thin face? Line The five basic elements of a three dimensional hair, design, or blank, form, space, design, texture, and color. straight line hairstyles using blank, our best and clients require a minimum of care when styling the hair. form What is the area surrounding the mass or general outline of a style, and may also be called the volume? Smaller Curly and over curly hair does not reflect much light anchoring, create a blank form than straight or wavy hair. Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony What are the five art principles important for hair design symmetrical balance What is it called and both sides of a hairstyle are the same distance from the center, are the same length, and have the same volume when viewed from the front? alopecia areata The loss of hair in round or irregular patches without inflammation, is known as? Minoxidil (Rogaine) What treatment has been significantly proven to increase hair growth, and is approved for that purpose by the food and drug administration? Gray hair Canities is a technical term for Trichoptilosis Technical term for split ends Trichorrhexis nodosa Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft. Monilethrix Technical term for beaded hair tinea capitis A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles. pediculosis capitis infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice furnucle boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle Folliculitis What term refers to an infection of the hair follicles frequently caused by staphylococcus or other bacteria? Thickness or diameter Hair texture refers to the _______ of the hair Density The number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp indicates hair blank. resistant Hair with low porosity is considered this. Elasticity The strength of the side bonds that hold the hairs individual fibers in place, is indicated by hair _____. Whorl Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head. Occupational safety and health administration What does OSHA stand for? Bacteria Single celled organisms that have characteristics of both plants and animals Pathogenic a non-pathogenic There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, but they are classified into the following two primary types: Bacilli Rod shaped bacteria Binary fusion The division of a bacterial cell into two new cells Viruses Submicroscopic particle that infect cells of a biological organism are known as____? Biofilms Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces. Fungi Single celled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include mold mildew in yeast. Disinfection The process of illuminates most, but not necessarily all, micro organisms, and nonliving services is called_____ Sterilizing Completely destroying all microbial life, including bacterial spores is known as_____. Efficiency The ability of disinfecting solution to kill germs, when used accordingly to the label is known as___. inactivated All disinfectants are ___ in the presence of oils, lotions, creams, and dust. Quaternary ammonium compounds "Is a short term for the salon, disinfectant known as____. nonconductor An insulator or blank is a substance that is not easily transmit electricity. alternating current An electric term abbreviated as AC. Rectifier Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current Ampere Term used for measuring the strength of an electric current. Milliampere What unit of measure is equivalent to 1/1,000 of am ampere? Ohm A unit of electric resistance Watt The term used for measuring how much electricity energy is being used in one second. electrode Which apparatus conducts electric current from an electro therapy device to the client skin? Anode Positive electrode