✪CHAPTER 1
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE-
CELL
☻The structural and functional unit of all living organism is called the cell.
☻︎Cell is termed as structural unit of life as it provides structure to our body.
☻︎Cell is considered as functional unit of life as all the functions of the body take place at cell
level
☻︎Cell are also known as fundamental unit of life.
☻︎The cell is a latin word for a little room.
★Discovery of cell
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.He objerved the cells in a cork slice with
the help of a primitive microscope and saw that the cork resemb- led the structure of a honey
comb consisting of many tiny compartments.
★The measure discoveries related to
cell
Scientists | year | Work
Robert Hook 1665 Discover cell for
1st time in cork
slice
Leeuwenhoek | 1674 |Discovered free
living cells in pond
water by his impro
-ved microscope.
Robert brown. | 1831 |Discovered Nucle
-us in cell.
Matthias Schlei | 1838 |Presented cell
-den & Theodor theory which
Schwann states that all
plants and animals
are composed
of cells and the
cell is the basic uni
-t of life.
J.E. Purkinje | 1839 |Coined the term
protoplasm for
liquid Substance of
cell.
Rudolf Virchow |1855 |Proposed that living
Cells arise only othe
-r living cells. Knowl and |1990 |Built an electron
, Ruska microscope that
made
understanding of
the complex
structure of cell and
its possible
orgenelles.
★Basic Characteristics of cell
☻︎cell is structural and functional unit of all living beings
☻︎Cells can replicate independently.
☻︎Cells perform all the life sustaining
activities by themselves.
★Types of organisms on the basis of
number of cells.
1.Non-cellular organisms
Those organism that do not contain any cell in there body are called Non-cellular Organisms.
They do not have membrane and are non-living until they reach inside the body of living
organism.
For example:Virus
2.Uni-cellular Organism
Those organism that are made up of only one cell are called uni-cellular organism.
For example: Amoeba, paramecium, bacteria, chlamydomonas, fuglena.
3.Multicellular Organism
Those organism in which the body is made up of many cells which group together to perform
many function of the body. For example: Fungi, plants and animals.
★Structure of cell
There are three parts of cells.
ᴀ)Plasma membrane or cell membrane
ʙ)Nucleus
ᴄ)Cytoplasm
★Types of cells
•There are two types of cells–
1.Eukaryotic cells
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.
1.Prokaryotic cells
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE-
CELL
☻The structural and functional unit of all living organism is called the cell.
☻︎Cell is termed as structural unit of life as it provides structure to our body.
☻︎Cell is considered as functional unit of life as all the functions of the body take place at cell
level
☻︎Cell are also known as fundamental unit of life.
☻︎The cell is a latin word for a little room.
★Discovery of cell
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.He objerved the cells in a cork slice with
the help of a primitive microscope and saw that the cork resemb- led the structure of a honey
comb consisting of many tiny compartments.
★The measure discoveries related to
cell
Scientists | year | Work
Robert Hook 1665 Discover cell for
1st time in cork
slice
Leeuwenhoek | 1674 |Discovered free
living cells in pond
water by his impro
-ved microscope.
Robert brown. | 1831 |Discovered Nucle
-us in cell.
Matthias Schlei | 1838 |Presented cell
-den & Theodor theory which
Schwann states that all
plants and animals
are composed
of cells and the
cell is the basic uni
-t of life.
J.E. Purkinje | 1839 |Coined the term
protoplasm for
liquid Substance of
cell.
Rudolf Virchow |1855 |Proposed that living
Cells arise only othe
-r living cells. Knowl and |1990 |Built an electron
, Ruska microscope that
made
understanding of
the complex
structure of cell and
its possible
orgenelles.
★Basic Characteristics of cell
☻︎cell is structural and functional unit of all living beings
☻︎Cells can replicate independently.
☻︎Cells perform all the life sustaining
activities by themselves.
★Types of organisms on the basis of
number of cells.
1.Non-cellular organisms
Those organism that do not contain any cell in there body are called Non-cellular Organisms.
They do not have membrane and are non-living until they reach inside the body of living
organism.
For example:Virus
2.Uni-cellular Organism
Those organism that are made up of only one cell are called uni-cellular organism.
For example: Amoeba, paramecium, bacteria, chlamydomonas, fuglena.
3.Multicellular Organism
Those organism in which the body is made up of many cells which group together to perform
many function of the body. For example: Fungi, plants and animals.
★Structure of cell
There are three parts of cells.
ᴀ)Plasma membrane or cell membrane
ʙ)Nucleus
ᴄ)Cytoplasm
★Types of cells
•There are two types of cells–
1.Eukaryotic cells
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.
1.Prokaryotic cells
