Sadock Ch 7 Schizophrenia + Psych disorders + Study Guide, Complete Solution

Sadock Ch 7 Schizophrenia + Psych disorders + Study Guide, Complete Solution Bleuler's 4 A's Association Affect Ambivalence Autism Onset Schizophrenia men= 10-25 women= 25-35 (bimodel; 2nd peak at middle age) Schizophrenia in men: in women: men- more likely have negative sx women- have better social functioning; better outcome Schizophrenia pts more likely born in winter + early spring Nicotene decreases blood concentration of antipsychotics may decrease positive sx improves some cognitive impairments + parkinsonism dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia idea that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapses in certain brain areas -- (excess dopamine=linked to excess of positive sx) mesocortical +mesolimbic tracts = most often Serotonin Hypothesis of Schizophrenia serotonin excess causes pos + neg sx Norepinephrine selective neuronal degregation within the norepi reward neural system could account for anhedonia GABA Pts w. schizophrenia have a loss of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus GABA has regulatory effect on dopamine activity; the loss of inhib GABAergic neurons could lead to HYPERACTIVITY of dopaminergic neurons. BRAIN CHANGES - Lateral and 3rd ventricular enlargement - Reduction in cortical volume - Reduction of gray matter volume