Cell Biology
Summary Notes 2
These notes contain a summary of key facts. When revising, you will still need to refer to your
jotter to remind yourself of the experimental and practical work you have done.
Cells and Cell Structure
• Cells are the building blocks of life.
• All living organisms are made up of cells.
• Cells need to be viewed through a microscope.
Plant cells and Animal cells
Fungal cell e.g. yeast
Bacterial Cell
Bacteria cells do not contain any organelles
Cell structure Function
Nucleus Contains genetic information (DNA) in animal, plant and fungal cells
, Plasmid A small ring of DNA only found in bacterial cells
Cell membrane Controls entry and exit of substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Cytoplasm Liquid inside cells containing organelles, the site of various chemical reactions
Cell Wall The outer layer of plant, fungal and bacterial cells which helps support the cell
Membrane bound sac that stores a solution of water found in plant and fungal
Vacuole
cells
Main site of energy (ATP) production in aerobic respiration in animal plant and
Mitochondrion
fungal cells
Chloroplast The site of photosynthesis in plant cells
Ribosome Site of protein synthesis in cells
Cell walls of plant, fungal and bacterial cells are not all the same. They are made of different
chemicals.
Enzymes
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.
• Enzymes are made by all living cells.
• Enzymes speed up cellular reactions and remain unchanged in the process.
• Enzymes are specific to their substrate. Enzymes are made from protein.
Summary Notes 2
These notes contain a summary of key facts. When revising, you will still need to refer to your
jotter to remind yourself of the experimental and practical work you have done.
Cells and Cell Structure
• Cells are the building blocks of life.
• All living organisms are made up of cells.
• Cells need to be viewed through a microscope.
Plant cells and Animal cells
Fungal cell e.g. yeast
Bacterial Cell
Bacteria cells do not contain any organelles
Cell structure Function
Nucleus Contains genetic information (DNA) in animal, plant and fungal cells
, Plasmid A small ring of DNA only found in bacterial cells
Cell membrane Controls entry and exit of substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Cytoplasm Liquid inside cells containing organelles, the site of various chemical reactions
Cell Wall The outer layer of plant, fungal and bacterial cells which helps support the cell
Membrane bound sac that stores a solution of water found in plant and fungal
Vacuole
cells
Main site of energy (ATP) production in aerobic respiration in animal plant and
Mitochondrion
fungal cells
Chloroplast The site of photosynthesis in plant cells
Ribosome Site of protein synthesis in cells
Cell walls of plant, fungal and bacterial cells are not all the same. They are made of different
chemicals.
Enzymes
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.
• Enzymes are made by all living cells.
• Enzymes speed up cellular reactions and remain unchanged in the process.
• Enzymes are specific to their substrate. Enzymes are made from protein.
