Final Eco Evo Exam 2023 Complete
Evolution is the change in allele frequencies in individuals across generations.
False
Counting species is the agreed upon method for measuring biodiversity.
False
Biodiversity can be directly correlated with ecosystem services.
True
The updated estimated value of global ecosystem services has decreased since it was
first calculated.
False
The bone structure of bird and bat limbs are homologous.
True
Darwin is the only person to be credited with the idea of Natural Selection.
False
In a small population of alpine foxes, you observe increased ear length over a 10-year
period. It is valid to conclude from this that having longer ears is advantageous in this
population.
False
The width of hybrid zone between two populations where the hybrid offspring have
increased fitness should increase over time.
True
A polyphyletic group includes the most recent common ancestor.
False
It is possible for evolution to occur when all of the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium are being met.
False
Which of the following would not be considered biodiversity?
a. different types of forests on different continents
b. millions of undescribed species of bacteria in the ocean
c. variety in feather color within a species of bird
d. the differences in average temperature found throughout the planet
d. the differences in average temperature found throughout the planet
Which of the following would be considered a provisioning ecosystem service?
a. fish harvested for food from the ocean
b. waste breakdown in a natural wetland
c. insects that eat mosquitoes (pest control)
d. recreation that occurs in a natural park
a. fish harvested for food from the ocean
Which of the following was NOT one of the commonly held beliefs before Darwin?
a. The earth was only about 8,000 years old.
b. Species share common ancestry.
c. Species do not change over time.
d. Species are independent.
b. Species share common ancestry.
,Who is associated with the, since discredited, idea that individuals can pass on all the
traits
acquired during their lifetimes to their offspring?
a. Plato
b. Darwin
c. Lamarck
d. Aristotle
c. Lamarck
Tiktaalic roseae is a classic example of what type of evidence of evolutionary change
over time?
a. the vastness of geological time
b. extinction
c. transitional features
d. vestigial traits
c. transitional features
Which scenario is not describing genetic drift?
a. During sexual reproduction, a gene located next to a gene under strong selection
pressure is inherited along with that gene.
b. After a volcanic eruption, the genetic diversity in a population of plants that was
nearly wiped out is lower than it previously was.
c. When a group of birds start a new population on a previously uninhabited island, the
genetic diversity of that new population is lower than that of the original mainland
population.
d. The diversity of an insect population increases after new individuals join that
population from a different population, bringing new alleles with them.
d. The diversity of an insect population increases after new individuals join that
population from a different population, bringing new alleles with them.
In all three species of phalarope, a taxon of wading shorebirds, the majority of parental
care is provided by the male. Based on the Bateman-Trivers hypothesis of sexual
selection, what would you expect to see in phalaropes?
a. Chick survival is very low.
b. Females are more brightly colored than males.
c. Each female mates with a single male.
d. Males are larger than females.
b. Females are more brightly colored than males.
Genetic variation ________________.
a. is created by the direct action of natural selection
b. arises in response to changes in the environment
c. must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
d. tends to be reduced during sexual reproduction
c. must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
Consider the four main evolutionary processes each acting in isolation. Which process
would you expect to take the longest time scale to cause measurable evolution.
a. mutation
b. natural selection
,c. genetic drift
d. gene flow
a. mutation
Which of the following trees is not equivalent to the other three? In other words, which
does not depict the same relationships among the 6 taxa represented by the letters a-f?
c
Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chicken, human, and cat are an example of _____.
a. analogous structures
b. inheritance of acquired trait
c. genetic homology
d. developmental homology
d. developmental homology
Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between
two
populations?
a. increased genetic difference between the two populations
b. decreased genetic difference between the two populations
c. lower average fitness in both populations
d. higher average fitness in both populations
b. decreased genetic difference between the two populations
Three-spined stickleback fish show substantial heritable variation in gill-raker length
related to differences in their diets. Longer gill rakers appear to function better for
capturing open-water prey, while shorter gill rakers function better for capturing shallow-
water prey. Which of the following types of selection on gill-rakers is most likely to be
found in a large lake (open water in the middle and shallow water around the sides) with
a high density of these fish?
a. directional selection
b. stabilizing selection
c. disruptive selection
d. purifying selection
c. disruptive selection
When a new population is established by a small number of individuals there will be a
_____ and a _____ of genetic variation.
a. founder effect; decrease
b. bottleneck; increase
c. bottleneck; decrease
d. founder effect; increase
a. founder effect; decrease
A scientific statement that accurately and predictable describes an observable
phenomenon without explaining the cause of that phenomenon is a
________________?
a. fact
b. law
c. theory
d. hypothesis
b. law
, During which time period did the following events occur?
Land plants appear
Paleozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
Life first appears
Precambrian
During which time period did the following events occur?
Diversification of mammals and bird
Cenozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
Dinosaurs were the dominant animals
Mesozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
The Cambrian Explosion
Paleozoic
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
Polyploidization in a plant species results in reproductive isolation.
Sympatric Speciation
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
A small subset of a population colonizes a nearby, but isolated, habitat. Eventually they
can no longer interbreed with members of the original population.
Peripatric Speciation
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
Soil increases in salt content across a field (low salinity at one end, high salinity at the
other end). In one type of grass, salt tolerant individuals are more strongly selected for
at the higher salinity end of the field.
Parapatric speciation
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
It requires knowledge about many traits of multiple species
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
It can only be used to describe organisms that have sexual reproduction.
Biological Species Concept
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
Different scientists might use it, but come different conclusions based on the same data.
Morphological Species Concept
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
After a population bottleneck, a trait is less common than it was before the bottleneck.
Genetic drift
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
A random genetic change produces a new allele.
Mutation
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
In a particular species, male birds with the brightest feathers have the most offspring,
despite bright feathers not making them any more suited to their habitat.
Sexual selection
Evolution is the change in allele frequencies in individuals across generations.
False
Counting species is the agreed upon method for measuring biodiversity.
False
Biodiversity can be directly correlated with ecosystem services.
True
The updated estimated value of global ecosystem services has decreased since it was
first calculated.
False
The bone structure of bird and bat limbs are homologous.
True
Darwin is the only person to be credited with the idea of Natural Selection.
False
In a small population of alpine foxes, you observe increased ear length over a 10-year
period. It is valid to conclude from this that having longer ears is advantageous in this
population.
False
The width of hybrid zone between two populations where the hybrid offspring have
increased fitness should increase over time.
True
A polyphyletic group includes the most recent common ancestor.
False
It is possible for evolution to occur when all of the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium are being met.
False
Which of the following would not be considered biodiversity?
a. different types of forests on different continents
b. millions of undescribed species of bacteria in the ocean
c. variety in feather color within a species of bird
d. the differences in average temperature found throughout the planet
d. the differences in average temperature found throughout the planet
Which of the following would be considered a provisioning ecosystem service?
a. fish harvested for food from the ocean
b. waste breakdown in a natural wetland
c. insects that eat mosquitoes (pest control)
d. recreation that occurs in a natural park
a. fish harvested for food from the ocean
Which of the following was NOT one of the commonly held beliefs before Darwin?
a. The earth was only about 8,000 years old.
b. Species share common ancestry.
c. Species do not change over time.
d. Species are independent.
b. Species share common ancestry.
,Who is associated with the, since discredited, idea that individuals can pass on all the
traits
acquired during their lifetimes to their offspring?
a. Plato
b. Darwin
c. Lamarck
d. Aristotle
c. Lamarck
Tiktaalic roseae is a classic example of what type of evidence of evolutionary change
over time?
a. the vastness of geological time
b. extinction
c. transitional features
d. vestigial traits
c. transitional features
Which scenario is not describing genetic drift?
a. During sexual reproduction, a gene located next to a gene under strong selection
pressure is inherited along with that gene.
b. After a volcanic eruption, the genetic diversity in a population of plants that was
nearly wiped out is lower than it previously was.
c. When a group of birds start a new population on a previously uninhabited island, the
genetic diversity of that new population is lower than that of the original mainland
population.
d. The diversity of an insect population increases after new individuals join that
population from a different population, bringing new alleles with them.
d. The diversity of an insect population increases after new individuals join that
population from a different population, bringing new alleles with them.
In all three species of phalarope, a taxon of wading shorebirds, the majority of parental
care is provided by the male. Based on the Bateman-Trivers hypothesis of sexual
selection, what would you expect to see in phalaropes?
a. Chick survival is very low.
b. Females are more brightly colored than males.
c. Each female mates with a single male.
d. Males are larger than females.
b. Females are more brightly colored than males.
Genetic variation ________________.
a. is created by the direct action of natural selection
b. arises in response to changes in the environment
c. must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
d. tends to be reduced during sexual reproduction
c. must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
Consider the four main evolutionary processes each acting in isolation. Which process
would you expect to take the longest time scale to cause measurable evolution.
a. mutation
b. natural selection
,c. genetic drift
d. gene flow
a. mutation
Which of the following trees is not equivalent to the other three? In other words, which
does not depict the same relationships among the 6 taxa represented by the letters a-f?
c
Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chicken, human, and cat are an example of _____.
a. analogous structures
b. inheritance of acquired trait
c. genetic homology
d. developmental homology
d. developmental homology
Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between
two
populations?
a. increased genetic difference between the two populations
b. decreased genetic difference between the two populations
c. lower average fitness in both populations
d. higher average fitness in both populations
b. decreased genetic difference between the two populations
Three-spined stickleback fish show substantial heritable variation in gill-raker length
related to differences in their diets. Longer gill rakers appear to function better for
capturing open-water prey, while shorter gill rakers function better for capturing shallow-
water prey. Which of the following types of selection on gill-rakers is most likely to be
found in a large lake (open water in the middle and shallow water around the sides) with
a high density of these fish?
a. directional selection
b. stabilizing selection
c. disruptive selection
d. purifying selection
c. disruptive selection
When a new population is established by a small number of individuals there will be a
_____ and a _____ of genetic variation.
a. founder effect; decrease
b. bottleneck; increase
c. bottleneck; decrease
d. founder effect; increase
a. founder effect; decrease
A scientific statement that accurately and predictable describes an observable
phenomenon without explaining the cause of that phenomenon is a
________________?
a. fact
b. law
c. theory
d. hypothesis
b. law
, During which time period did the following events occur?
Land plants appear
Paleozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
Life first appears
Precambrian
During which time period did the following events occur?
Diversification of mammals and bird
Cenozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
Dinosaurs were the dominant animals
Mesozoic
During which time period did the following events occur?
The Cambrian Explosion
Paleozoic
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
Polyploidization in a plant species results in reproductive isolation.
Sympatric Speciation
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
A small subset of a population colonizes a nearby, but isolated, habitat. Eventually they
can no longer interbreed with members of the original population.
Peripatric Speciation
Select the mode of speciation best described by each of the following statements
Soil increases in salt content across a field (low salinity at one end, high salinity at the
other end). In one type of grass, salt tolerant individuals are more strongly selected for
at the higher salinity end of the field.
Parapatric speciation
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
It requires knowledge about many traits of multiple species
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
It can only be used to describe organisms that have sexual reproduction.
Biological Species Concept
Select the species concept best described by each of the following statements.
Different scientists might use it, but come different conclusions based on the same data.
Morphological Species Concept
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
After a population bottleneck, a trait is less common than it was before the bottleneck.
Genetic drift
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
A random genetic change produces a new allele.
Mutation
Which evolutionary process best summarizes the following scenarios?
In a particular species, male birds with the brightest feathers have the most offspring,
despite bright feathers not making them any more suited to their habitat.
Sexual selection
