Exam 3 Study Guide Notes latest exam guide  

Exam 3 Study Guide Notes latest exam guide   Growth & Development • What is family centered care? o Have to look at the family as a whole o Recognizes the family as constant in child’s life o Systems must support, respect, encourage, and enhance strength and competence of family o Needs of all family members must be addressed o Concepts should be enabling and empowering • Lumbar puncture on neonate and want to do non pharmalogical intervention. What to do? o Give them sucrose/sugar water  “sweeties” • Growth and development o Infants (birth to one year) ▪ Concept of bodily harm: After 6 months, their cognitive development allows them to remember pain ▪ Birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 12 months ▪ Birth length increases by 50% at 12 months ▪ Posterior fontanel closes by 8 weeks (2 months) ▪ Social smile occurs at 2 months ▪ Head turns to locate sounds at 3 months ▪ Moro reflex disappears around 4 months ▪ Steady head control is achieved at 4 months ▪ Rolls from abdomen to back and back to abdomen at 5-6 months ▪ Plays peek-a-boo after 6 months ▪ Transfers objects from hand to hand at 7 months ▪ Develops stranger anxiety at 7-9 months ▪ *TRUST VS. MISTRUST STAGE* o Toddlers (1 to 3 years) ▪ Concept of bodily harm: they fear intrusive procedures (drawing blood) ▪ Birth weight quadruples by 30 months ▪ Growth velocity slows ▪ Appears to be bowlegged and potbellied ▪ All primary teeth (20) are present ▪ Anterior fontanel closes by 12 to 18 months ▪ Throws a ball overhead at 18 months ▪ Kicks a ball at 24 months ▪ Feeds self with a spoon and cup at 2 years ▪ Daytime toilet training can usually be started around 2 years ▪ Two to three word sentences are spoken by 2 years ▪ Three to four word sentences are spoken by 3 years ▪ *AUTONOMY VS. DOUBT AND SHAME* o Preschoolers (3-6 years) ▪ Concept of bodily harm: they fear mutilation ▪ Each year a child gains about 5 pounds and grows 2 & ½ to 3 inches ▪ A child stands erect with more slender posture ▪ A child learns to run, jump, skip, and hop ▪ 3 year old can ride a tricycle ▪ Handedness is established ▪ A child uses scissors at 4 years ▪ A child ties shoelaces at 5 years ▪ A child learns colors and shapes ▪ Visual acuity approaches 20/20 ▪ Thinking is egocentric and concrete ▪ A child uses sentences of five to eight words ▪ *INITIATIVE VS. GUILT* o School-aged children (6-12 years) ▪ Concept of bodily harm: they fear loss of control of their bodies ▪ Each year a child gains 4-6 pounds and about 2 inches in height ▪ Girls may experience menarche ▪ Loss of primary teeth and eruption of most permanent teeth occur ▪ Fine and gross motor skills mature ▪ A child is able to write script at 8 years old ▪ Child can dress self completely ▪ Egocentric thinking is replaced by social awareness of others ▪ Child learns to tell time and understands past, present, and future ▪ Child learns cause-and-effect relationships ▪ Socialization with peers becomes important ▪ Molars (6 years) erupt ▪ *INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY* o Adolescents (12-19 years) ▪ Concept of bodily harm: Their major concern is change in body image ▪ Girls growth spurts during adolescence begin earlier than boys ▪ Boys catch up at around 14 and continue to grow ▪ Girls finish growth around 15 and boys around 17 ▪ Secondary sex characteristics develop ▪ Adult-like thinking begins around 15 ▪ They can problem-solve and use abstract thinking ▪ Family conflicts develop ▪ *IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION* o Psychosocial development: ERIKSON