Use the figure at the right to answer the following three questions.
1. What type(s) of functional groups is(are) in this molecule?
A. Methyl only
B. Carboxyl only
C. Carboxyl and methyl only
D. Carbonyl and methyl only
E. Carbonyl and methyl and amino
2. What type(s) of bond(s) is(are) in this molecule?
A. Covalent only
B. Hydrogen only
C. Covalent and ionic
D. Hydrogen and covalent
3. What type of molecule is this?
A. It is a lipid
B. It is a carbohydrate
C. It is a protein
D. It is something else other than a lipid, a carbohydrate, or a protein
4. Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in
the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of
which of the following molecules?
A. Polysaccharides
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Nucleic acids
5. If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the
+
concentration of H ions ________.
A. is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix
B. is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm
C. in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
D. in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
6. What happens to break down glycogen into glucose monomers?
A. Covalent bonds are broken via dehydration reactions
B. Covalent bonds are broken via hydrolysis reactions
C. Ionic bonds are broken via dehydration reactions
D. Ionic bonds are broken via hydrolysis reactions
The figure below shows three molecules. Use this figure to answer the following two questions.
, 7. Which molecule(s) would you most likely expect to find in a portion of the tertiary structure of
a protein exposed to the cytoplasm?
A. Molecule A only
B. Molecule B only
C. Molecule C only
D. Molecules A and C only
E. Molecules A, B, and C
8. What is the likely function of molecule B?
A. Speeds up chemical reactions
B. Provides energy to a living cell
C. Makes the cell membrane less fluid
D. Helps transport molecules across membranes
9. A patient was involved a serious accident in a remote forest and lost a large quantity of blood.
In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water—equal to the volume of blood lost—is
added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this
transfusion?
A. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypotonic
compared to the cells.
B. The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become
hypotonic compared to the cells.
C. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become
hypertonic compared to the cells.
D. The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood has become hypertonic compared
to the cells.
10. Fimbriae are tiny structures (from 3 to 10 nm in diameter, the size of some proteins!) on the
surfaces of bacteria that are used to attach bacteria to a surface. Suppose that a scientist
wanted to capture high-resolution images of the external structures of the fimbriae. What
type of microscope should the scientist use?
A. Confocal microscopy
B. Fluorescence microscopy
C. Transmission electron microscopy
D. Scanning electron microscopy
Researchers used FRAP to investigate the effects of a new drug on membrane fluidity. They collected
the data shown at the right. Use these data to answer the following two questions.
11. What can you conclude from these data?
A. Adding the drug resulted in an increase in the diffusion coefficient and an increase in
membrane fluidity
B. Adding the drug resulted in an increase in the
1. What type(s) of functional groups is(are) in this molecule?
A. Methyl only
B. Carboxyl only
C. Carboxyl and methyl only
D. Carbonyl and methyl only
E. Carbonyl and methyl and amino
2. What type(s) of bond(s) is(are) in this molecule?
A. Covalent only
B. Hydrogen only
C. Covalent and ionic
D. Hydrogen and covalent
3. What type of molecule is this?
A. It is a lipid
B. It is a carbohydrate
C. It is a protein
D. It is something else other than a lipid, a carbohydrate, or a protein
4. Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in
the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of
which of the following molecules?
A. Polysaccharides
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Nucleic acids
5. If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the
+
concentration of H ions ________.
A. is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix
B. is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm
C. in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
D. in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
6. What happens to break down glycogen into glucose monomers?
A. Covalent bonds are broken via dehydration reactions
B. Covalent bonds are broken via hydrolysis reactions
C. Ionic bonds are broken via dehydration reactions
D. Ionic bonds are broken via hydrolysis reactions
The figure below shows three molecules. Use this figure to answer the following two questions.
, 7. Which molecule(s) would you most likely expect to find in a portion of the tertiary structure of
a protein exposed to the cytoplasm?
A. Molecule A only
B. Molecule B only
C. Molecule C only
D. Molecules A and C only
E. Molecules A, B, and C
8. What is the likely function of molecule B?
A. Speeds up chemical reactions
B. Provides energy to a living cell
C. Makes the cell membrane less fluid
D. Helps transport molecules across membranes
9. A patient was involved a serious accident in a remote forest and lost a large quantity of blood.
In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water—equal to the volume of blood lost—is
added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this
transfusion?
A. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypotonic
compared to the cells.
B. The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become
hypotonic compared to the cells.
C. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become
hypertonic compared to the cells.
D. The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood has become hypertonic compared
to the cells.
10. Fimbriae are tiny structures (from 3 to 10 nm in diameter, the size of some proteins!) on the
surfaces of bacteria that are used to attach bacteria to a surface. Suppose that a scientist
wanted to capture high-resolution images of the external structures of the fimbriae. What
type of microscope should the scientist use?
A. Confocal microscopy
B. Fluorescence microscopy
C. Transmission electron microscopy
D. Scanning electron microscopy
Researchers used FRAP to investigate the effects of a new drug on membrane fluidity. They collected
the data shown at the right. Use these data to answer the following two questions.
11. What can you conclude from these data?
A. Adding the drug resulted in an increase in the diffusion coefficient and an increase in
membrane fluidity
B. Adding the drug resulted in an increase in the
