Outline Exam 1
Intro Psychology 100
1. Definition of Psychology
The scientific study of mind and behavior
2. Why is it hard to define?
Individual differences and different levels of explanation
3. SQ3R method of studying
Reading comprehension method
Survey: Getting an idea of what the structure is like by looking over
the chapter, observing titles, subtitles, graphics, and understand the
overall layout
Question: Write down questions addressing the chapter titles and bold
or italicized words
Read: Read the chapter and write down sample test question i.e. fill in
the blank type of questions
Recite: Quiz yourself on questions written at the end of each section
Review: Should take place a day later after all these steps. Review
your written questions and review survey and reading steps if you’re
having trouble with your questions
4. Historical perspectives
Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle questioning
the meaning of life
Darwin coming up with natural selection in 1895
5. Derived from which 2 disciplines?
Biology (nature) vs Philosophy (nurture)
6. Psychology is a young science
Began in western Europe. Has existed for a little over a century
7. Psychology’s first debate: nature VS nurture
First big debate. Nature – referring to biological/genetical
predispositions’ impact on human traits. Nurture – describes the
influence of learning and other influences from one’s environment.
, a. Tablula rasa – John Locke. Individual human beings are born with no
built-in mental content and their identity is defined entirely by events
after birth. Environment is important for imprinting on genes.
8. Early Psych
a. Scientific approach – Equates psychology with experimental studies of
perception, thought, and behavior. Originated with Wihelm Wundt in
1870s Germany and William James in 1880s America
b. Clinical approach – Therapeutic interventions for psychological
disorders in medicine. Originated with Sigmund Freud in Austria,
then England. i.e. psychotherapy, psychiatry, and clinical practice.
9. Introspection
Looking inward; thoughts, perceptions, likes and passions.
Cannot be quantified easily.
a. Motives – Looking forward
10. William James
Father of American psychology stressed the importance of “giving
psychology away.” Published Principles of Psychology and advances the
functional approach.
11. Humanistic
This approach is concerned with people’s searches for meaning,
self-actualization, and willingness to take charge of their actions
and life trajectories.
12. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
13. Psychoanalysis
a. Unconscious – Change in attractiveness unconscious process
b. Clothes make the man clip – Man’s attractiveness and money
idea changed because of his clothes
c. Contributed to what topics? Personality, clinical, development, human,
sexuality; cognitive biological and human sexuality, and cognitive.
14. Behaviorism
The study of observable behaviors
a. Little Albert – John Watson tried to study how phobias emerge by
training a baby to associate a rat with a loud and scary noise. The
little boy developed a fear response to anything that was furry and
white. Immoral/unethical. Classical conditioning
15. Contemporary perspectives and major contributions of each:
a. Biological – Neurobiological processes; psychological
perspective underlying of how we think, act, and behave.
Intro Psychology 100
1. Definition of Psychology
The scientific study of mind and behavior
2. Why is it hard to define?
Individual differences and different levels of explanation
3. SQ3R method of studying
Reading comprehension method
Survey: Getting an idea of what the structure is like by looking over
the chapter, observing titles, subtitles, graphics, and understand the
overall layout
Question: Write down questions addressing the chapter titles and bold
or italicized words
Read: Read the chapter and write down sample test question i.e. fill in
the blank type of questions
Recite: Quiz yourself on questions written at the end of each section
Review: Should take place a day later after all these steps. Review
your written questions and review survey and reading steps if you’re
having trouble with your questions
4. Historical perspectives
Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle questioning
the meaning of life
Darwin coming up with natural selection in 1895
5. Derived from which 2 disciplines?
Biology (nature) vs Philosophy (nurture)
6. Psychology is a young science
Began in western Europe. Has existed for a little over a century
7. Psychology’s first debate: nature VS nurture
First big debate. Nature – referring to biological/genetical
predispositions’ impact on human traits. Nurture – describes the
influence of learning and other influences from one’s environment.
, a. Tablula rasa – John Locke. Individual human beings are born with no
built-in mental content and their identity is defined entirely by events
after birth. Environment is important for imprinting on genes.
8. Early Psych
a. Scientific approach – Equates psychology with experimental studies of
perception, thought, and behavior. Originated with Wihelm Wundt in
1870s Germany and William James in 1880s America
b. Clinical approach – Therapeutic interventions for psychological
disorders in medicine. Originated with Sigmund Freud in Austria,
then England. i.e. psychotherapy, psychiatry, and clinical practice.
9. Introspection
Looking inward; thoughts, perceptions, likes and passions.
Cannot be quantified easily.
a. Motives – Looking forward
10. William James
Father of American psychology stressed the importance of “giving
psychology away.” Published Principles of Psychology and advances the
functional approach.
11. Humanistic
This approach is concerned with people’s searches for meaning,
self-actualization, and willingness to take charge of their actions
and life trajectories.
12. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
13. Psychoanalysis
a. Unconscious – Change in attractiveness unconscious process
b. Clothes make the man clip – Man’s attractiveness and money
idea changed because of his clothes
c. Contributed to what topics? Personality, clinical, development, human,
sexuality; cognitive biological and human sexuality, and cognitive.
14. Behaviorism
The study of observable behaviors
a. Little Albert – John Watson tried to study how phobias emerge by
training a baby to associate a rat with a loud and scary noise. The
little boy developed a fear response to anything that was furry and
white. Immoral/unethical. Classical conditioning
15. Contemporary perspectives and major contributions of each:
a. Biological – Neurobiological processes; psychological
perspective underlying of how we think, act, and behave.
