Summary IB SL BIOLOGY TOPIC 1 CELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 1 CELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023 IB Biology Topic 1: Cell Biology 1. Cell theory: The theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. 2. Differentiation: The expression of a particular gene(s) and not others in order for cell specialisation. 3. Emergent properties: The idea that the sum of an organism is more than the parts interacting and combining. Living things become more complex as they move (from individual cells to organ systems). 4. Multicellular: An organism made out of more than one cell. 5. Specialisation: The structural adaption of a cell to suit a particular function (Eg: Red blood cells have no nucleus to make room for space to carry oxygen). 6. Stem Cells: Undifferentiated cells that have a capacity to divide into cells of the similar type, or to specialise into different types of cells. 7. Surface Area to Volume Ratio: The amount of surface area per unit of volume for an object. Has effect on the size a cell can grow. 8. Unicellular: A single-celled organism that carries out all the functions of life by itself. 9. Binary fission: division of pre-existing cells or by prokaryotic cells for asexual reproduction. Single chromosome is replicated and moves to the opposite ends of the cell and detaches to form a copy of the chromosome. 10. Eukaryotic: have compartments for the chromosomes, this has advantages such as the pH and other damaging substances are maintained within the membrane of an organelle. 11. Gamete: a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism. 12. Mitochondria: responsible for aerobic respiration. Converts chemical energy into ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) using oxygen. 13. Prokaryotic: simplest cell structure without compartments or a nucleus. Have naked DNA and no mitochondria. Filled with cytoplasm. 14. Amphipathic: (of a molecule, especially a protein) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. 15. Cholesterol: a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. Cholesterol and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds, but high concentrations in the blood are thought to promote athero