ANCC Certification PMHNP Chapter 7 (Latest 2023/2024), Answered. Graded A+

ANCC Certification PMHNP Chapter 7 (Latest 2023/2024), Answered. Graded A+-Mood Disorders - Most common psych illnesses Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood - Major Depressive Disorder Often occurs without precipitating event - MDD Object loss theory - Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip Aggression turned inward theory of MDD - Freud Cognitive Theory - Beck Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory - Seligman Genetic predisposition - Strong genetic load for depression for child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD & 40% chance of depressive episode before age 18. Endocrine dysfunction Theory - Probably related to etiology of MDD Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy, anhedonia are neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the - Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy - A high incidence of postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - A theory of MDD, may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation of this system HPA axis - Controls the physiological response to stress and is composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.