Unit 20: Biomedical science
Learning aim C: Examine the use of urinalysis as an analytical and diagnostic
tool
Title: Use of urinalysis as an analytical and diagnostic tool
P7
Homeostasis allows the body to regulate the biochemical values, the urinary
system ensures that the water and ion balance of blood plasma and keeps the
level of urea low in the body. The kidneys produce urine to maintain water
balance and urine is taken from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters.
The bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body.
Urine is one of the first tests ordered when diagnosing/treating patients as the
first urine of the day will have higher levels of bacteria and chemicals (more
concentrated), this allows to easily determine any abnormalities.
P8
Equipment:
Safety goggles
Safety gloves
Beakers containing urine
Tweezers
Glucose reagent strips
Protein reagent strips
pH paper
Universal indicator
Method:
1. Put on safety goggles and gloves
2. Collet the samples to be tested
, 3. Observe the appearance of the samples and note if the samples have
any particular odour
4. Prepare urinalysis test strips for glucose and protein by taking 9 out of
the packet, 3 strips for each of the substances
5. Place test strip into the unknown substances for 40 seconds each to
check for glucose and protein
6. Check for colour change on each strip
7. Use the universal indicator paper to test the pH of each sample as well
8. Record data and repeat the test 3 times for all 3 substances
Results:
Unknown Protein Glucose pH Odour Colour
samples 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
A 0.15 0.15 0.15 10 10 10 6 6 6 N/A Cloudy
B 0.15 0.15 0.15 0 0 0 6 6 6 Normal Clear
C 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 6 6 Vinegar Froth
D 3 3 3 20 20 20 6 6 6 Normal Froth
Analysis:
Sample A, B, and C had a pH of roughly 6. Sample A had 0.15mg/dL protein and
10mmol/L glucose. Sample B had 0.15mg/dL protein and 0 glucose. Sample C
had 1mg/dL protein and 0 glucose. Sample D had 3mg/dL protein and
20mmol/L glucose. Sample D has the highest glucose and protein levels
compared to the other samples. High protein levels in the urine may suggest
kidney issues. High glucose levels in urine may suggest diabetes.
Urine samples must be obtained properly to prevent misleading results. The
usual procedure is correct labelling, wash hands before and after handling the
urine samples, and ensuring that the lid is sealed shut.
M3
Screening tests have two outcomes; positive (indicating the person has the
condition/disease) or negative (indicating the person does not have the
condition/disease). The ideal screening test would produce a positive result if
Learning aim C: Examine the use of urinalysis as an analytical and diagnostic
tool
Title: Use of urinalysis as an analytical and diagnostic tool
P7
Homeostasis allows the body to regulate the biochemical values, the urinary
system ensures that the water and ion balance of blood plasma and keeps the
level of urea low in the body. The kidneys produce urine to maintain water
balance and urine is taken from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters.
The bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body.
Urine is one of the first tests ordered when diagnosing/treating patients as the
first urine of the day will have higher levels of bacteria and chemicals (more
concentrated), this allows to easily determine any abnormalities.
P8
Equipment:
Safety goggles
Safety gloves
Beakers containing urine
Tweezers
Glucose reagent strips
Protein reagent strips
pH paper
Universal indicator
Method:
1. Put on safety goggles and gloves
2. Collet the samples to be tested
, 3. Observe the appearance of the samples and note if the samples have
any particular odour
4. Prepare urinalysis test strips for glucose and protein by taking 9 out of
the packet, 3 strips for each of the substances
5. Place test strip into the unknown substances for 40 seconds each to
check for glucose and protein
6. Check for colour change on each strip
7. Use the universal indicator paper to test the pH of each sample as well
8. Record data and repeat the test 3 times for all 3 substances
Results:
Unknown Protein Glucose pH Odour Colour
samples 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
A 0.15 0.15 0.15 10 10 10 6 6 6 N/A Cloudy
B 0.15 0.15 0.15 0 0 0 6 6 6 Normal Clear
C 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 6 6 Vinegar Froth
D 3 3 3 20 20 20 6 6 6 Normal Froth
Analysis:
Sample A, B, and C had a pH of roughly 6. Sample A had 0.15mg/dL protein and
10mmol/L glucose. Sample B had 0.15mg/dL protein and 0 glucose. Sample C
had 1mg/dL protein and 0 glucose. Sample D had 3mg/dL protein and
20mmol/L glucose. Sample D has the highest glucose and protein levels
compared to the other samples. High protein levels in the urine may suggest
kidney issues. High glucose levels in urine may suggest diabetes.
Urine samples must be obtained properly to prevent misleading results. The
usual procedure is correct labelling, wash hands before and after handling the
urine samples, and ensuring that the lid is sealed shut.
M3
Screening tests have two outcomes; positive (indicating the person has the
condition/disease) or negative (indicating the person does not have the
condition/disease). The ideal screening test would produce a positive result if
