Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam with highlighted verified answers and graded A+

When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following may then result? cellular sodium will increase b. extracellular potassium will decrease c. cell volume will decrease d. all of the above - ANSA Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has suffered lethal cell injury. Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial cells, are significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this? a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their cytoplasmic contents into the blood. b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy. d. None of the above. - ANSA If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible cell injury? a. cellular swelling b. decreased ATP production c. decreased intracellular calcium d. dissolution of nuclear material - ANSD The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production results from which of the following? a. increased intracellular glucose b. increased anaerobic metabolism c. decreased metabolic rate d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - ANSB A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the following? a. enzyme inhibition b. uncoupling c. hypoxia d. none of the above - ANSC